Table 1.
Demographic and Participant Characteristics by Pain and Fatigue Responders at one-month follow-up (Visit 3) using Intention-to-treat for the active-TENS group
Pain | Fatigue | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Responder (≥30%) n=45 |
Non-responder n=58 |
p-value | Responder (≥20%) n=46 |
Non-responder n=57 |
p-value | |
Age mean (SD) | 41.8 (16.4) | 47.0 (12.2) | 0.078 | 45.9 (14.7) | 43.8 (14.1) | 0.45 |
Marital status | (n=55) | (n=54) | ||||
Married/with partner | 16 (36%) | 17 (31%) | 0.62 | 22 (48%) | 11 (20%) | 0.004 |
Single/widowed/divorced | 29 (64%) | 38 (69%) | 24 (52%) | 43 (80%) | ||
Education level | ||||||
High school or less | 6 (13%) | 10 (17%) | 0.80 | 8 (17%) | 8 (14%) | 0.32 |
Some college/ Vocational/Technical | 21 (47%) | 24 (41%) | 22 (48%) | 23 (40%) | ||
College degree | 11 (24%) | 14 (24%) | 10 (22%) | 15 (26%) | ||
Post-graduate degree | 7 (16%) | 10 (17%) | 6 (13%) | 11 (19%) | ||
Annual income | (n=43) | (n=53) | (n=43) | (n=53) | ||
< $20K | 14 (33%) | 25 (47%) | 0.20 | 14 (33%) | 25 (47%) | 0.058 |
$20K-<$60K | 20 (46%) | 16 (30%) | 15 (35%) | 21 (40%) | ||
≥$60K | 9 (21%) | 12 (23%) | 14 (32%) | 7 (13%) | ||
Work status | (n=45) | (n=57) | (n=56) | |||
Working | 27 (60%) | 29 (51%) | 0.61 | 25 (54%) | 31 (55%) | 0.61 |
Seeking work/Laid-off | 3 (7%) | 3 (5%) | 4 (9%) | 2 (4%) | ||
Student/Homemaker/Retired/Other | 15 (33%) | 25 (44%) | 17 (37%) | 23 (41%) | ||
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 34.4 (8.3) | 35.1 (12.2) | 0.71 | 36.1 (8.2) | 33.7 (9.0) | 0.17 |
BMI categories | ||||||
Underweight (<20) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0.73 | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0.54 |
Normal weight (20-<25) | 8 (18%) | 7 (12%) | 5 (11%) | 10 (18%) | ||
Overweight (25-<30) | 7 (16%) | 11 (19%) | 7 (15%) | 11 (19%) | ||
Obese (30–<40) | 18 (40%) | 22 (38%) | 18 (39%) | 22 (39%) | ||
Morbidly obese (≥40) | 12 (27%) | 17 (29%) | 16 (35%) | 13 (23%) | ||
ACR 2010 criteria, mean (SD) | (n=44) | (n=45) | ||||
Widespread pain index | 12.2 (3.7) | 14.1 (3.5) | 0.009 | 12.8 (3.9) | 13.7 (3.5) | 0.21 |
Somatic symptom score | 8.8 (1.8) | 9.6 (1.9) | 0.030 | 9.1 (1.9) | 9.4 (1.9) | 0.43 |
Fibromyalgia severity | 21.0 (4.4) | 23.8 (4.7) | 0.003 | 21.9 (4.8) | 23.2 (4.7) | 0.19 |
Opioid for pain | 9 (20%) | 18 (31%) | 0.21 | 10 (22%) | 17 (30%) | 0.35 |
TENS dose (minutes/day) | (n=44) 60 (46–92) |
(n=49) 67 (36–87) |
0.92 | 60 (47–93) | (n=47) 61 (39–84) |
0.45 |
TENS intensity1-lumbar, median(IQR) | (n=44) 38.3 (36.0–40.8) |
(n=50) 37.5 (33.9–41.4) |
0.44 | 38.4 (35.6–40.5) | (n=48) 37.5 (35.6–41.4) |
0.48 |
TENS intensity2-cervical | 38.0 (36.8–40.7) | 38.3 (37.0–42.0) | 0.76 | 38.3 (37.2–40.5) | 37.3 (36.8–43.5) | 0.96 |