Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the 23 enrolled patients with a verified diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome and matched healthy controls
| Healthy controls | KS patients | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | |||
| At admission | 36.3 ± 9.6 | 36.2 ± 9.4 | 0.974 |
| At diagnosis | – | 26.5 ± 8.3 | |
| Educational level (n, %) | |||
| Elementary school | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.823 |
| Middle school | 8 (34.8%) | 8 (34.8%) | |
| High school | 7 (30.4%) | 8 (34.8%) | |
| University | 7 (30.4%) | 6 (26.1%) | |
| Marital status (n, %) | |||
| Single | 9 (39.1%) | 11 (47.8%) | 0.758 |
| Married | 11 (47.8%) | 9 (39.1%) | |
| Divorced | 3 (13.0%) | 3 (13.0%) | |
| Occupational status (n, %) | |||
| Employed | 18 (78.3%) | 15 (65.2%) | 0.454 |
| Unemployed | 5 (21.7%) | 8 (34.8%) | |
| Stressful life events (n, %) | |||
| Illness of close family member/friend | – | 1 (4.3%) | |
| Death of close family member/friend | – | 2 (8.7%) | |
| Stress/problems at work/school | – | 6 (26.1%) | |
| Stress/problems at home | – | 9 (39.1%) | |
| Sex difficulties | – | 3 (13.0%) | |
| Smoking habit | 7 (30.4%) | 12 (52.2%) | 0.215 |
| Use of psychoactive drugs | – | 2 (8.7%) | |
| Use of alcohol | – | 13 (56.5%) | |
| Psychiatric history | |||
| Personal | – | 5 (21.7%) | |
| Familiar | – | 0 (0%) | |
| Medical comorbidities | |||
|
Hypertension Diabetes mellitus type 2 Obesity Hyperlipidaemia Metabolic syndrome |
1 (4.3%) – – 1 (4.3%) – |
2 (8.7%) 2 (8.7%) 3 (13.0%) 4 (17.4%) 3 (13.0%) |
0.549 0.343 |
| Total testosterone plasma concentration (nM/L) (mean ± SD) | 29.0 ± 1.8 | 3.4 ± 4.7 | 0.001 |