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. 2020 Apr 30;85(3):1201–1220. doi: 10.1007/s00426-020-01322-3

Table 7.

Predictor variable names, definitions, and range of values

Predictor Variable Definition Range of values Study 1 Study 2 Study 3
Level Number of imagined tones (i.e., silent arrows) per trial 1:5 1:6
Heard_Range The number of unique tones played during the set-up period, including the start note 2:5
ProbabilityProbe_LastHeard Probability of probe based on actual data of distance between last heard note and probe 0.0003:0.40
ProbeTrueIm_AbsDiff Absolute difference between the true imagined final note and the probe presented 0, 1, 2
Stage 1 Takes a value of 1 when trials where start note is tonic, number of arrows in set-up sequence is 3 and Key is C Major 0/1
Stage 2 Takes a value of 1 when trials where start note is tonic, and number arrows in set-up sequence is 3–5 0/1
Stage 3 Takes a value of 1 when trials where start note is dominant, and number arrows in set-up sequence is 3–6 0/1
Stage 4 Takes a value of 1 when trials where start note is tonic or dominant, and number arrows in set-up sequence is 3–6. Stage 4 trials only reached when participants successfully completed Level 5—Stage 3 0/1
ProbeNote_Is_StartNote Takes value of 1 if probe was start note, and 0 if it was not 0/1
Probability_Probe Probability of the probe, given the total number of arrows presented in the trial 0:0.375
Key

Key signature (1–5 corresponding to C Maj, C# Maj,

D Maj, Eb Maj, E Maj)

1:5
Start_Note Tonic (1) or Dominant (0) of scale 1/0
Heard_Arrow Number of sounded arrows presented in set-up period 3:5

Probe_Start

Note_

Difference

Probe number relative to steps away from the start note (at 0) − 4: + 4
Probe This is the probe note number in the scale where 1 is the tonic up to 8 which is the tonic up one octave, − 4, − 5, − 6, and − 7 are the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th notes of the scale in the lower octave − 4:− 7; 1:9
Probe_Previous Whether the probe was previously heard in the initial set-up period of the trial (1) or not (0) 1/0
Low_Probe If probe was not heard in set-up and was lower than start note (so not heard in initial scale), then (1) else (0) 1/0
LastHeard The last note heard in the sequence relative to start note − 3: 3

Binomial_

Probability_Probe_

StartNote

Binomial probability of probe based on start note .003:.21

Probability_Probe_

StartNote

Probability of probe based on actual data of distance between start note and probe 0.15:0.31

Binomial_

Probability_Probe_

LastHeard

Binomial probability of probe based on last heard note 0.009:0.24

ProbeLastHeard_

AbsDiff

Absolute value of the difference between last heard note and probe 0:6
ProbeNote_1 Takes a value of 1 only if the probe is the tonic; is derived from Probe = 1 or 8 1/0
ProbeNote_1or5 Takes a value of 1 only if the probe is the tonic or dominant; i.e., Probe = − 5, 1, 5, or 8 1/0
Direction_Same Takes value of 1 only if the direction of the probe tone from the last note heard (up, down, same) is the same as the direction of the true imagine tone from the last note heard 1/0
LastHeardTrueIm_AbsDiff Absolute value of the difference between last heard note and true imagined final note 0:4
TrueIm _1or5 Takes a value of 1 only if the true imagined final note is the tonic or dominant; is derived from true imagined note = − 5, 1, 5 or 8 1/0
ProbabilityProbe_Constrained Probability of the probe, given the total number of arrows presented in the trial and the restraint that the start note cannot be used as a correct probe 0:0.4

Study number column indicates with a tick when the variable was used in modelling for that Study