FIGURE 6. Inhibition of mucosal fucosylation limits PduC-dependent AIEC-induced colitis.

A-E. Germ-free C57BL/6 Il10-deficient mice were colonized with 2×10⁹ CFU of AIEC 2A. Ten days after colonization, mice were exposed to 2% dextran sodium sulfate ad libitum for 7 days. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with 2-Deoxy-D-galactose (2-D-gal) or PBS control on days −2, 0, 2, 4, and 6 of DSS treatment. Propionate levels were measured in the cecal contents (A). Percent weight loss (B) and survival (C) is shown. Levels of lipocalin in cecal contents were measured by ELISA (D). Flow cytometry of live, CD4+ T cells was used to evaluate RORγt and IL17A/IFNγ (E) expression following a 4h stimulation with PMA/ionomycin and Brefeldin-A. Bar graphs represent geometric mean of at least 4 mice per group from one of three total experiments. Error bars represent SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005, ****p<0.001 t-test. F. C57BL/6 B6 SPF mice were treated with broad spectrum antibiotics for 2 weeks prior to infection with 10¹⁰ CFU of AIEC 2A. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with 2-D-gal or PBS control on days −2, 0, 2, and 4 after infection. Il1b expression in the colonic lamina propria was measured 5 days after colonization by quantitative PCR. Graphs show at least 3 mice from one of two total experiments. Error bars represent SEM. *p<0.05, t-test. See also Figure S6.