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. 2021 Apr 15;11:8279. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87441-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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An EV-microRNA classifier of neuroendocrine differentiation in castration resistant prostate cancer. (A) Application of machine learning methods (random forest machine learning technique with leave-pair-out cross validation) to the NGS dataset of analyzed NE tissues + NCI-H660 cell line (CRPC-NE, n = 7) vs those with adenocarcinoma features (CRPC-Adeno, n = 21) yielded a ‘12 miRNA classifier’. miRNAs are listed in the order of feature importance as determined by these methods. (B) ROC curve analyses showing the ability of ‘EV-miRNA classifier’ to distinguish between class 0 (CRPC-Adeno) and class 1 (CRPC-NE). (C) An EV- miRNA classifier including isoforms of miRNAs as determined by random forest machine learning technique with leave-pair-out cross validation as applied to the NGS dataset of analyzed EVs from CRPC-NE (n = 6) + NCI-H660 cell line vs those from CRPC-Adeno patients (n = 21) including miRNA isoforms. miRNAs are listed in the order of feature importance. (D) ROC curve analyses showing the ability of ‘EV-miRNA classifier including iso-miRs’ to distinguish between class 0 (CRPC-Adeno) and class 1 (CRPC-NE).