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. 2021 Apr 15;11:8215. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87559-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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An unconditioned SCS fails to evoke flight behavior in a threatening context. (A) Behavioral design. (B) Averaged freezing and activity data showing that rats that received US-alone trials throughout conditioning (US) and tested in a US-associated context (Shock) had a reduced flight response in comparison to rats that received SCS-US pairings. This is shown by increased freezing and decreased activity to the white noise stimulus, and a reduced flight ratio. Rats that were tested in a neutral context (No-Shock) also showed reduced flight responses compared to SCS-US/Shock animals. This is further shown by the average activity trace of each group (C). All data are represented as mean ± SEM pooled across sex [SCS-US/Shock (n = 7); SCS-US/No-Shock (n = 7); US-alone/Shock (n = 7); US-alone/No-Shock (n = 7)]; *, **, and *** denote p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.