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. 2021 Apr 15;11:8232. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87740-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Terpene Treatment Activates the CB1 In Vitro. CB1-CHO cells were serum starved for 1 h then treated with varying concentrations of (A) α-Humulene, (B) β-Pinene, (C) Linalool, (D) Geraniol, (E) β-Caryophyllene, along with 10 μM WIN55,212-2 positive control or matched vehicle control, for 5 min. Lysates were then subjected to Western analysis and blotted for phospho-ERK and total-ERK (see Methods). Graph represents the quantified Western bands (pERK/tERK). Data expressed as a % of WIN55,212-2 stimulation (n = 3 independent experiments). Statistics analyzed via one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s post hoc; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, compared to vehicle stimulation.