Table 1.
The demographic data of patients with or without chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).
| COPD | non-COPD | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 8 | n = 17 | ||
| Age, years | 59.4 ± 11.3 | 61.2 ± 8.6 | 0.65 |
| Male | 8 (100) | 6 (35.3) | 0.003 |
| Ethnicity | 0.74 | ||
| Caucasian | 6 (75.0) | 14 (82.4) | |
| Othersa | 2 (25.0) | 3 (17.6) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (n = 23) | 24.0 ± 4.5 | 27.7 ± 9.1 | 0.3 |
| Smoking status (n = 24) | 0.001 | ||
| Current | 4 (57.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Former | 3 (42.9) | 7 (41.2) | |
| Never | 0 (0.0) | 10 (58.8) | |
| Pack-year smoked (n = 13) | 32.6 ± 23.1 | 43.5 ± 56.3 | 0.65 |
| Pulmonary function test (n = 24) | |||
| FEV1/FVC, % | 55.3 ± 15.5 | 69.5 ± 7.6 | 0.006 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 59.4 ± 23.6 | 73.9 ± 22.9 | 0.16 |
| FVC, % predicted | 87.5 ± 18.4 | 82.1 ± 20.6 | 0.54 |
| GOLD stage | |||
| Stage 1/2 | 1 (12.5)/5 (62.5) | NA | |
| Stage 3/4 | 1 (12.5)/1 (12.5) | NA | |
| Asthma | 0 (0.0) | 13 (76.5) | < 0.001 |
| Pharmacotherapy | |||
| Inhaled corticosteroid | 1 (12.5) | 7 (41.2) | 0.21 |
| Oral corticosteroid | 0 (0.0) | 3 (17.6) | 0.53 |
| Macrophage subtype | |||
| Double negative | 46.7 ± 27.6 | 14.5 ± 9.2 | < 0.001 |
| Double positive | 16.5 ± 12.0 | 44.3 ± 19.5 | 0.001 |
| M1 | 14.0 ± 14.1 | 14.0 ± 18.5 | 0.99 |
| M2 | 22.8 ± 22.2 | 27.3 ± 19.8 | 0.61 |
Values are means ± standard deviation (SD) or numbers (%) of observations. Continuous and categorical variables are compared using a Student’s t-test or a Fisher’s exact test, respectively.
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC Forced vital capacity, GOLD The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, NA Not applicable. GOLD grade was defined as grade 1: FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted; grade 2: FEV1 50–79% predicted; grade 3: FEV1 30–49% predicted; grade 4: FEV1 < 30% predicted.
aOther ethnicity included Asians, African Canadians, and First nations.