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Brain images (and magnified panels) with routine radiation dose (a), 40% lower dose before (b) and after (d) PKAID denoising. (c) image denoised with non-local mean filtering. Dashed circles show the ROI for noise measurement. The arrows and boxes highlight the modified image graininess in the NLM-denoised image compared to full-dose image, which is improved with PKAID. Window width/level (WW/WL) = 80/40 HU for the full-scale images, 35/30 HU for the magnified panels.
