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. 2021 Jan 7;43(1):409–422. doi: 10.1007/s11357-020-00296-9

Table 1.

Sample profile of participants from the India National Sample Survey, 2004 and 2018

Variables 2004 2018
Total population covered 383,338 555,351
Number of households 73,868 113,823
Average household size 5.18 4.35
Sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males) 952 935
Percent urban 25.43% 29.46%
Percent SC and ST 28.44% 28.25%
Educational attainment
  No formal schooling 34.13% 26.06%
  Up to primary 61.11% 29.96%
  Middle/secondary 3.81% 25.99%
  Higher secondary and above 0.95% 17.99%
Monthly per capita consumption expenditure (at 2018 prices) 1838 2617
Median age (years) 24 27
Morbidity rate (per 100,000 population) 8743 7465
Median age of any NCD 57 53
Number of morbidity cases (15 days of reference period) 34,930 39,777

SC schedule castes, ST schedule tribes