Table 4.
Hazards ratio and 95% confidence interval of selected NCDs in India in 2018
| Background characteristics | Diabetes | Hypertension | Heart disease | Cancer | Neurological disease | Mental disease | Injury/accident | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | |
| Region | ||||||||||||||
| Northern region | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Eastern region | 1.62 | 1.26–2.1 | 0.83 | 0.67–1.02 | 0.50 | 0.30–0.83 | 0.50 | 0.19–1.36 | 1.04 | 0.67–1.61 | 2.27 | 0.78–6.59 | 2.58 | 1.29–5.17 |
| Northeast | 1.50 | 1.06–2.13 | 0.40 | 0.27–0.6 | 0.90 | 0.49–1.67 | 1.60 | 0.61–4.17 | 1.14 | 0.63–2.08 | 1.52 | 0.30–7.65 | 3.68 | 1.67–8.11 |
| Western Central | 3.38 | 2.56–4.45 | 0.68 | 0.49–0.94 | 1.16 | 0.64–2.08 | 0.25 | 0.03–1.97 | 0.54 | 0.21–1.37 | 2.27 | 0.45–11.51 | 0.32 | 0.04–2.51 |
| Southern region | 2.72 | 2.12–3.49 | 1.34 | 1.09–1.64 | 0.48 | 0.26–0.89 | 0.77 | 0.27–2.13 | 1.48 | 0.91–2.39 | 1.94 | 0.57–6.58 | 5.69 | 2.84–11.38 |
| Residence | ||||||||||||||
| Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Urban | 1.26 | 1.19–1.34 | 1.13 | 1.06–1.2 | 0.95 | 0.85–1.06 | 0.82 | 0.64–1.06 | 0.75 | 0.66–0.84 | 0.83 | 0.65–1.07 | 0.87 | 0.76–0.99 |
| Education | ||||||||||||||
| No education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Up to primary | 1.57 | 1.45–1.7 | 1.37 | 1.27–1.48 | 1.55 | 1.35–1.79 | 1.69 | 1.22–2.35 | 1.52 | 1.31–1.77 | 0.80 | 0.58–1.1 | 2.05 | 1.71–2.46 |
| Middle/secondary | 2.17 | 2.00–2.35 | 2.04 | 1.88–2.21 | 2.09 | 1.80–2.42 | 2.39 | 1.71–3.35 | 2.38 | 2.04–2.77 | 1.24 | 0.91–1.69 | 2.62 | 2.17–3.16 |
| Higher secondary and above | 2.73 | 2.49–2.99 | 2.16 | 1.97–2.37 | 2.35 | 1.99–2.79 | 3.67 | 2.54–5.32 | 1.78 | 1.46–2.17 | 1.06 | 0.72–1.54 | 2.76 | 2.23–3.43 |
| Religion | ||||||||||||||
| Hindu | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Muslim | 1.39 | 1.28–1.5 | 1.38 | 1.27–1.5 | 1.58 | 1.37–1.82 | 1.10 | 0.75–1.62 | 1.36 | 1.15–1.6 | 1.46 | 1.08–1.98 | 1.10 | 0.91–1.34 |
| Others | 0.88 | 0.80–0.96 | 0.96 | 0.87–1.06 | 0.91 | 0.77–1.08 | 1.12 | 0.76–1.65 | 1.04 | 0.84–1.29 | 0.70 | 0.42–1.17 | 1.08 | 0.85–1.36 |
| Social group | ||||||||||||||
| ST | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| SC | 1.27 | 1.05–1.53 | 1.30 | 1.08–1.57 | 1.20 | 0.85–1.71 | 1.28 | 0.65–2.51 | 0.98 | 0.74–1.3 | 1.75 | 0.73–4.18 | 0.56 | 0.41–0.76 |
| OBC | 1.04 | 0.87–1.25 | 1.17 | 0.98–1.4 | 0.99 | 0.71–1.39 | 0.87 | 0.46–1.65 | 0.74 | 0.57–0.97 | 1.81 | 0.78–4.18 | 0.59 | 0.44–0.79 |
| Others | 1.00 | 0.84–1.2 | 1.03 | 0.86–1.23 | 0.82 | 0.59–1.15 | 0.83 | 0.44–1.56 | 0.54 | 0.41–0.7 | 1.73 | 0.75–4.02 | 0.42 | 0.31–0.56 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Female | 1.24 | 1.17–1.31 | 1.49 | 1.41–1.58 | 0.88 | 0.79–0.97 | 1.51 | 1.19–1.9 | 1.18 | 1.06–1.32 | 0.84 | 0.67–1.06 | 0.87 | 0.77–0.99 |
| MPCE tertile | ||||||||||||||
| Poor | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Middle | 1.11 | 1.02–1.2 | 1.23 | 1.13–1.34 | 1.06 | 0.91–1.24 | 0.86 | 0.61–1.21 | 1.02 | 0.88–1.18 | 0.90 | 0.67–1.21 | 0.88 | 0.75–1.04 |
| Rich | 1.18 | 1.08–1.28 | 1.26 | 1.15–1.37 | 1.18 | 1.01–1.37 | 1.02 | 0.73–1.42 | 0.72 | 0.61–0.84 | 0.70 | 0.51–0.96 | 0.71 | 0.60–0.85 |
| Employment | ||||||||||||||
| Labour | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Self-employed | 1.06 | 0.94–1.2 | 0.88 | 0.78–1 | 0.80 | 0.65–0.99 | 0.54 | 0.35–0.84 | 0.70 | 0.57–0.87 | 1.08 | 0.65–1.8 | 0.84 | 0.65–1.09 |
| Regular wage/salary | 1.08 | 0.96–1.23 | 0.92 | 0.82–1.04 | 0.87 | 0.70–1.07 | 0.55 | 0.35–0.86 | 0.71 | 0.57–0.89 | 1.06 | 0.62–1.79 | 0.89 | 0.69–1.16 |
| Others | 0.71 | 0.62–0.81 | 0.61 | 0.54–0.7 | 0.57 | 0.45–0.72 | 0.31 | 0.18–0.51 | 0.45 | 0.35–0.58 | 1.06 | 0.60–1.88 | 0.40 | 0.29–0.55 |
Italics indicates significance
HR hazards ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, SC schedule castes, ST schedule tribes, MPCE monthly per capita consumption expenditure