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. 2021 Feb 9;43(1):137–158. doi: 10.1007/s11357-020-00312-y

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Risk of bias for randomized experimental studies. Domain 1: bias arising from the randomization process; domain 2: bias due to deviations from intended intervention; domain 3: bias due to missing outcome data; domain 4: bias in measurement of the outcome; domain 5: bias in selection of the reported result