Table 2.
Cytokine expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 for different stimulation conditions in patients with neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy (GA) and a control series.
| Controls (N = 30) | Neovascular AMD (N = 27) | GA (N = 24) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-treated | ||||
| TNF-α | 6.03 (4.01–7.23) | 5.37 (3.77–7.06) | 5.98 (4.84–6.97) | 0.55 |
| IL-6 | 4.71 (2.22–6.34) | 4.23 (2.61–5.24) | 4.35 (2.79–6.55) | 0.34 |
| IL-10 | 7.69 (6.08–8.23) | 6.82 (4.85–8.86) | 8.10 (6.74–9.41) | 0.36 |
| LPS-treated | ||||
| TNF-α | 194 (72–270) | 187 (112–436) | 241 (162–306) | 0.54 |
| IL-6 | 668 (188–1212) | 461 (143–870) | 765 (210–1716) | 0.78 |
| IL-10 | 24.6 (4.77–41.8) | 12.7 (8.21–36.1) | 21.7 (8.50–59.0) | 0.18 |
| CML-treated | ||||
| TNF-α | 6.39 (4.07–11.5) | 6.20 (3.11–10.3) | 4.95 (2.84–8.73) | 0.60 |
| IL-6 | 3.20 (1.28–10.7) | 1.63 (0.77–4.48) | 2.69 (1.26–6.72) | 0.09 |
| IL-10 | 5.50 (1.13–8.41) | 2.16 (1.13–5.04) | 3.23 (1.57–6.95) | 0.10 |
| A2E-treated | ||||
| TNF-α | 1.02 (0.76–1.80) | 1.27 (0.74–1.45) | 1.19 (0.80–1.83) | 0.92 |
| IL-6 | 1.91 (0.75–4.42) | 1.33 (0.66–2.77) | 1.00 (0.67–2.58) | 0.45 |
| IL-10 | 1.98 (0.41–6.69) | 2.74 (0.83–4.94) | 1.47 (0.83–4.76) | 0.89 |
Numbers are presented as fold-change where relative expression was calculated from the differences in cycle threshold (Ct) of the internal standard (GAPDH) compared to the target mRNA with and without treatment (ΔΔCt). Data are presented as median values with interquartile ranges. P values denote were calculated using an independent samples median test.
AMD age-related macular degeneration, GA geographic atrophy, LPS lipopolysaccharide, CML Nε-carboxymethyllysine, A2E N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine, TNF-α tumour necrosis factor α, IL interleukin.