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. 2021 Apr 15;11:8302. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87865-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ordination diagram from RDA for samples from the placebo and GOS group collected at baseline and follow-up, where the RDA indicates the association between Time [explanatory variables (x axis)] and bacterial community data on the Genus level. Scores of the first RDA-axis are plotted on the x-axis and scores of the first PCA-axis are plotted on the y-axis. Individual samples are represented by points that are coloured by time and samples belonging to the same collection time are enveloped. Triangles in the RDA diagrams represent the class centroids. Grey points and labels represent the 10 best-fitting genus level bacterial groups. The psychological measurements (environmental variables) are fitted onto the ordination and indicated by the named arrows. The arrow shows the direction of the (increasing) gradient, and the length of the arrow is proportional to the correlation between the variable and the ordination. Only those psychological measurements with a p value of < 0.10 are added to the ordination. The calculated p-value from Unrestricted Permutation Test is added to the upper left corner of the RDA diagram.