Table 1.

Sample taxa resulting from differential abundance testing of intervention effects.

Class	Order	Family	Genus	Change from T1 to T2		Difference [ref placebo]
				GOS	Placebo	T2	η2	Effect
Phylum: Bacteroidetes
Bacteroidia	Bacteroidales	Bacteroidaceae	Bacteroides	0.20% ↓	0.20% ↑	0.17% ↑	0.025	Small
Bacteroidia	Bacteroidales	Porphyromonadaceae	Barnesiella	0.59% ↑	0.36% ↓	0.59% ↑	0.039	Small
Phylum: Actinobacteria
Actinobacteria	Bifidobacteriales	Bifidobacteriaceae	Gardnerella	0.18% ↑	0.71% ↑	0.62% ↓	0.044	Medium
Actinobacteria	Bifidobacteriales	Bifidobacteriaceae	Bifidobacterium	0.80% ↑	0.05% ↓	0.74% ↑	0.041	Medium
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Alphaproteobacteria	Rhodospirillales	Rhodospirillaceae	Aestuariispira	0.53% ↑	0.31% ↓	0.84% ↑	0.052	Medium
Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Desulfovibrionaceae	Desulfovibrio	0.15% ↑	0.55% ↓	0.97% ↑	0.026	Small
Phylum: Firmicutes
Tissierellia	Tissierellales	Peptoniphilaceae	Peptoniphilus	0.03% ↓	0.66% ↑	0.78% ↓	0.067	Medium
Clostridia	Clostridiales	Ruminococcaceae	Sporobacter	0.36% ↑	0.18% ↓	0.17% ↑	0.019	Small

Differential taxa identified at follow up (T2) from ANCOVA models. Descriptive changes in abundance from baseline (T1) measures to follow up are displayed for each intervention group and effect size of abundance group difference at T2. Upward arrows represent an increased/more abundance, and downward arrows decreased/less abundance taxa.