Table 1.
Baseline characteristics; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PVC = premature ventricular contraction, CIED = cardiovascular implantable electronic device, ACEi = Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, ARB = Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker, ARNI = Angiotensin-Receptor-Neprilysine-Inhibitor, MRA = mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, AAD = antiarrhythmic drugs, SOFA = Sepsis-related organ failure assessment, APACHE = Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation, SAPS = Simplified Acute Physiology Score, ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, NT proBNP = N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, WBC = White blood cells, GFR = glomerular filtration rate, CRP=C-reactive protein, ALT = Alanine Aminotransferase, AST = Aspartate-Aminotransferase.
| Total number of patients | N = 113 | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Mean ± sd | 64.1 ± 14.3 |
| Female | N (%) | 30 (26.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Mean ± sd | 29.5 ± 6.6 |
| Arterial hypertension | N (%) | 69 (61.1) |
| Coronary artery disease | N (%) | 21 (18.6) |
| COPD | N (%) | 13 (11.5) |
| Current smoker | N (%) | 19 (16.8) |
| Asthma | N (%) | 7 (6.2) |
| Congestive heart failure | N (%) | 13 (11.5) |
| LVEF (%) | Median (25–75%) | 60 (57.5–60) |
| Chronic kidney disease | N (%) | 17 (15.0) |
| Malignancy | N (%) | 9 (8.0) |
| Any prior Arrhythmias | N (%) | 18 (15.9) |
| Prior atrial fibrillation/−flutter | N (%) | 16 (14.2) |
| Prior ventricular tachycardia | N (%) | 1 (0.9) |
| Prior frequent PVCs | N (%) | 2 (1.8) |
| CIED | N (%) | 6 (5.3) |
| Baseline medication | ||
| Beta Blockers | N (%) | 31 (27.4) |
| Calcium Antagonists | N (%) | 18 (15.9) |
| ACEi/ARB/ARNI | N (%) | 39 (34.5) |
| Platelet Inhibitors | N (%) | 27 (23.9) |
| MRA | N (%) | 6 (5.3) |
| NOAC/OAC | N (%) | 13 (11.5) |
| Class I,III AAD | N (%) | 1 (0.9) |
| Severity of illness | Baseline | Worst | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SOFA | Median (25–75%) | 8.0 (4.0–11.0) | 12.0 (10.0–15.0) |
| APACHE II | Mean ± sd | 24.5 ± 10.1 | 28.7 ± 10.6 |
| Horowitz Index (mmHg) | Median (25–75%) | 158.0 (116.0–226.0) | 100.0 (72.0–140.5) |
| SAPS | Mean ± sd | 42.7 ± 14.1 | 57.6 ± 16.1 |
| Dialysis during ICU treatment | N (%) | 66 (58.4) | |
| Total days in hospital | Median (25–75%) | 30.0 (20.0–41.0) | |
| Total days ICU treatment | Median (25–75%) | 23.0 (11.0–37.5) | |
| ECMO treatment | N (%) | 25 (22.1) | |
| Total days ECMO | Median (25–75%) | 12.0 (6.8–31.3) | |
| Mechanical ventilation | N (%) | 90 (79.6) | |
| Total days mechanical ventilation | Median (25–75%) | 24.0 (13.0–38.0) | |
| Catecholamine use | N (%) | 90 (79.6) | |
| Antibiotic treatment | N (%) | 102 (90.3) | |
| Red blood cell transfusion | N (%) | 70 (61.9) | |
| Death | N (%) | 27 (23.9) | |
| Discharged | N (%) | 51 (45.1) | |
| Under treatment | N (%) | 35 (31.0) | |
| Laboratory findings | Baseline | Worst | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HS Troponin (ng/l) | Median (25–75%) | 33.5 (11.0–73.3) | 60.0 (28.5–171.0) |
| NT proBNP (pg/ml) | Median (25–75%) | 1279.0 (289.5–3457.5) | 3390.0 (1077.5–10,376.0) |
| WBC, × 109 per l | Mean ± sd | 10.4 ± 6.3 | 18.8 ± 9.8 |
| Haemoglobin, g/l | Mean ± sd | 11.3 ± 2.2 | |
| Creatinine | Median (25–75%) | 1.10 (0.8–1.7) | 1.8 (1.2–2.9) |
| GFR | Median (25–75%) | 66.0 (36.0–90.0) | 33.0 (21.5–60.0) |
| Lactate, mmol/l | Median (25–75%) | 11.0 (8.3–16.0) | 24.0 (18.0–42.0) |
| Potassium (mmol/l) | Mean ± sd | 4.2 ± 0.8 | |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | Mean ± sd | 140.2 ± 6.5 | |
| PH | Median (25–75%) | 7.40 (7.3–7.5)) | |
| Procalcitonin, ng/ml | Median (25–75%) | 0.5 (0.2–1.7) | |
| CRP, ng/m | Median (25–75%) | 163.0 (85.0–282.5) | 320.0 (184.0–400.0) |
| ALT, U/l | Median (25–75%) | 40.0 (27.0–70.5) | 121.0 (74.5–201.0) |
| Bilirubin, g/l | Median (25–75%) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) |