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. 2021 May 1;25(3):197–206. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.3.197

Fig. 1. Carnosol induces the differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) into osteoblasts.

Fig. 1

(A) Studying the cytotoxicity of carnosol on primary culture of mBMSCs using MTT cell viability assay. (B) Studying the effect of different concentrations of carnosol on mBMSCs cell proliferation as measured by counting cell number. Cells were either non-treated (0) or treated with different doses of carnosol for 3 days. (C) Stimulatory effect of carnosol on osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs as assessed by ALP activity quantification and (D) Alizarin red staining quantification for matrix mineralization after 6 and 12 days of induction respectively. Stained images were shown under each graph. mBMSCs were either non-induced (control, ctrl), or induced with OIM in the absence (I) or the presence of different concentrations of carnosol. Values were shown as fold change over control. Values are mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005 compared to Control [0] for [A and B] and compared to differentiated cells without carnosol [I] for panals [C and D]). ALP, alkaline phosphatase; OIM, Osteogenic-induction medium.