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. 2021 May 1;25(3):197–206. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.3.197

Fig. 5. Carnosol promotes osteoblast differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) through the activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway.

Fig. 5

(A) Western blot analysis showing the dose-dependent stimulatory effect of carnosol (10 µM) on the activation of Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation in mBMSCs after 10 min. (B) Western blot analysis demonstrating the ability of BMP1R inhibitor (LDN-193189, 10 µM) to inhibit the stimulatory effect of carnosol on BMP-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation in mBMSCs after 10 min of treatment. (C) BMP1R inhibitor (LDN-193189, 10 µM) suppressed the stimulatory effect of carnosol (10 µM) on BMP2-induced osteogenesis in mBMSCs as measured by quantitative ALP activity. Cells were pre-treated with LDN-193189, 10 µM and induced with BMP2 in the absence or the presence of carnosol (10 µM) for 6 days. (D) Schematic diagram illustrating the mechanism of the stimulatory effect of carnosol to on osteogenesis via activating canonical BMP signalling. Values are mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments (**p < 0.005). ALP, alkaline phosphatase.