Table 1.
Upregulated osteogenic genes by carnosol during osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs
| Gene name | Gene symbol | Fold change |
|---|---|---|
| Ossification and matrix molecules | ||
| Alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney | Alpl | 10.5 |
| Bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein | Bglap | 8.3 |
| Biglycan | Bgn | 3.8 |
| Collagen type I alpha 1 | Col1a1 | 5.7 |
| Collagen type V alpha 1 | Col5a1 | 4.8 |
| Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Osteopontin) | Spp1 | 3.2 |
| Osteoblast differentiation | ||
| Bone morphogenetic protein 2 | Bmp2 | 5.2 |
| Bone morphohenitic protein 4 | Bmp4 | 6.4 |
| Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1A | Bmpr1a | 2.1 |
| Bone morphohenitic protein receptor, type 1B | Bmpr1a | 6.3 |
| Distal-less homeobox 5 | Dlx5 | 7.3 |
| Runt related transcription factor 2 | Runx2 | 4.6 |
| Sp7 transcription factor 7 | Sp7 | 2.3 |
| Cell adhesion molecules | ||
| Fibronectin 1 | Fn1 | 3.4 |
| Integrin beta 1 (fibronectin receptor beta) | Itgb1 | 2.3 |
| Integrin alpha 2 | Itga2 | 2.8 |
| Integrin alpha 2b | Itga2b | 3.4 |
| Osteogenic growth factors | ||
| Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 | Fgfr2 | 3.9 |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 | Igf1 | 8.4 |
| Insulin-like growth factor I receptor | Igf1r | 4.3 |
| Platelet derived growth factor alpha | Pdgfa | 5.2 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor A | Vegfa | 3.1 |
Cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblast in the absence (control) or the presence of carnosol (10 µM). After 6 days of induction, total RNA were extracted and Mouse osteogenesis RT2 Profiler PCR array was performed was performed using quantitative PCR method. Up-regulated genes by carnosol were normalized to reference genes and represented as fold change over control cells without carnosol. Values are mean of 3 independent experiments. mBMSCs, mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.