Table 3.
Psychosocial factors associated with frailty.
| Non-frail (n = 216) | Frail (n = 122) | p (<0.05) | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Living alone | 59 (27.3%) | 39 (32.0%) | 0.365 | 1.250 (0.771–2.029) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 3 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Partnered | 133 (61.6%) | 66 (54.1%) | ||
| Divorced | 16 (7.4%) | 7 (5.7%) | 0.148 | |
| Widowed | 64 (29.6%) | 49 (40.2%) | ||
| Widowhood | 64 (29.6%) | 49 (40.2%) | 0.049 | 1.594 (1.001–2.538) |
| Education | ||||
| No studies | 74 (34.3%) | 66 (54.1%) | 1 | |
| Primary | 95 (44.0%) | 46 (37.7%) | <0.001 | 0.543 (0.335–0.881) |
| Secondary | 27 (12.5%) | 9 (7.4%) | 0.374 (0.164–0.852) | |
| University | 20 (9.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.056 (0.007–0.429) | |
| Income (euros) | ||||
| <12,000 | 47 (22.9%) | 31 (28.2%) | 1 | |
| 12,000–24,000 | 99 (48.3%) | 56 (50.9%) | 0.154 | 0.86 (0.49–1.50) |
| 24,000–50,000 | 52 (25.4%) | 23 (20.9%) | 0.67 (0.34–1.31) | |
| >50,000 | 7 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.00 (0.00–) | |
| Housing | ||||
| Flat | 143 (66.2%) | 94 (77.0%) | 0.036 | 0.584 (0.351–0.969) |
| House | 73 (33.8%) | 28 (23.0%) | ||
| Home elevator | 80 (41.0%) | 61 (52.1%) | 0.056 | 1.566 (0.987–2.484) |
| Home stairs | 66 (30.7%) | 21 (17.6%) | 0.009 | 0.484 (0.278–0.841) |
| Home heating | 162 (75.0%) | 85 (70.2%) | 0.344 | 0.787 (0.479–1.293) |
| Home internet | 114 (53.0%) | 44 (36.4%) | 0.003 | 0.506 (0.321–0.800) |
| Outdooractivities | 79 (36.7%) | 26 (21.3%) | 0.003 | 0.466 (0.279–0.780) |
| Volunteering | 14 (6.5%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.043 | 0.239 (0.053–1.071) |
| Religious activities | 17 (7.9%) | 9 (7.4%) | 0.861 | 0.928 (0.400–2.150) |
| Social centre attendance | 34 (15.8%) | 15 (12.3%) | 0.378 | 0.746 (0.388–1.434) |
| Choir/theatre/dancing | 13 (6.1%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.138 | 0.393 (0.110–1.408) |
| Meeting friends | 70 (32.4%) | 13 (10.7%) | <0.001 | 0.249 (0.131–0.473) |
| Other out-of-home activities | 23 (10.8%) | 6 (5.0%) | 0.070 | 0.432 (0.171–1.094) |
| Active social lifea | 135 (65.2%) | 45 (37.8%) | <0.001 | 0.324 (0.203–0.518) |
| Gijón SFES score | ||||
| Good/acceptable (5–9) | 127 (59.3%) | 52 (42.6%) | 1 | |
| Atsome risk (9–14) | 82 (38.3%) | 66 (54.1%) | 0.013 | 1.966 (1.244–3.106) |
| At great risk (>15) | 5 (2.3%) | 4 (3.3%) | 1.954 (0.505–7.566) | |
a
Any of the above-mentioned activities.
SFES, Social-Familial Evaluation Scale.