Table 10.
Characteristics and findings of the studies examining the association between obesity and type 2 diabetes.
| Work | Year | Study | Design | Sample size (%DM) | %M/W | Age (Years) | Ethnicity | Follow-up duration (Years) | Adjusted variables | Findings | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [206] | 2002 | - | PCS | 4737 | 100/0 | 45–64 | Japanese | 4 | Age, smoking status, alcohol intake, family history, and baseline value of fasting blood glucose. | BMI (kg/) 18.49 29 30 and 35 |
RR 1.0 5.16 (1.92–13.80) 5.25 (1.96–14.04) |
| [213] | 2007 | BWHS [214] | - | 49766 (4.96%) | 0/100 | 21–69 | African-American (USA) | 8 | Age, physical activity, family history of diabetes, cigarette smoking, years of education, and time period of data collection | BMI (kg/) 23 45 |
IRR 1.0 23 (17–31) |
| [119] | 2001 | - | PCS | 84941 (3.88%) | 0/100 | 30–55 | - | 16 | Age (in five-year categories), time (eight periods), presence or absence of a family history of diabetes, menopausal status, and use or nonuse of postmenopausal hormone therapy | BMI (kg/) 23 23–24.9 25–29.9 30–34.9 35 |
RR 1.0 2.67 (2.13–3.34) 7.59 (6.27–9.19) 20.1 (16.6–24.4) 38.8 (31.9–47.2) |
| [207] | 2006 | 27 cohorts | PCS + CSS | 154989 (0.20%) | 54/ 46 | Mean 51 | - | Mean 8 | Age, sex, cohort, and smoking habit | 5.3 cmEach 2 kg/ lower BMI is associated with a 23% (15–30%) lower risk of total DM in men and 27% (23–31%) lower risk in women. In the Asian cohort, each 2 kg/ lower BMI was associated with a 37% (26–46%) lower risk and in Australasian cohorts the same reduction in BMI was associated with 25% (21–29%) lower risk. | |
| [208] | 2006 | RS | - | 827 (7.86%) | - | - | Japanese | 10 | Age, sex, total cholesterol, systolic pressure, smoking and overall obesity | WC (cm) 85 (M) 90 (W) |
RR 2.07 (1.03–4.16) |
| [209] | 2006 | TLGS | PCS | 4479 (3.70%) | 41.34/ 58.66 | 3 | Tehran | 3.6 (mean) | Age, smoking, family history of diabetes, HTN, TG, HDL and other anthropometric variables | 5.3 cmCentral obesity is defined as WC 102 cm in men and WC 88 cm in women. The central obese individuals 60 years old are at higher risk of incidence type 2 diabetes (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.8–7.7). | |
| [210] | 2009 | RS | - | 5071 | 37.80/ 62.2 | 40 | Chinese | - | Educational level, age group, smoking and alcohol drinking | WC (cm) 90(M) 90(M) 80(W) 80(W) |
OR 1.0 2.308 (1.473–3.615) 1.0 2.875(1.987–4.160) |
| [211] | 2001 | MAHES | - | 835 | 39.16/ 60.84 | 60–92 | Hispanics and Non-Hispanics | - | Age, physical activity and smoking | WC (cm) 102(M)(H) 102(M)(NH) 88(W)(H) 88(W)(NH) |
OR 2.1(1.2–3.9) 0.9 (0.3–3.1) 1.6 (1.0–2.8) 15.1(1.9–117.6) |
SWHS-Shanghai Women’s Health Study, BWHS- Black Women’s Health Study, RS-Random Sample, WC-Waist Circumference, TLGS-Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, MAHES-Massachusetts Hispanic Elderly Study, H-Hispanics, NH-Non Hispanics, M-Men, W-Women, PCS-Prospective Cohort Study, CSS-Cross-Sectional Study.