Table 1.
Characteristics of patients participating in the two studies.
| Characteristic | Alexa+ (n=30) | Avatar (n=27) | P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 54.0 (11.7) | 56.5 (12.1) | .45 | |
|
|
Missing, n (%) | 2 (7) | 1 (4) |
|
| Gender, n (%) |
|
|
>.99 | |
|
|
Male | 18 (60) | 17 (63) |
|
|
|
Female | 10 (33) | 10 (37) |
|
|
|
Missing | 2 (7) | 0 (0) |
|
| Marital status, n (%) |
|
|
.80 | |
|
|
Single, never married | 7 (23) | 6 (22) |
|
|
|
Married | 11 (37) | 15 (56) |
|
|
|
Living together, not married | 3 (10) | 1 (4) |
|
|
|
Separated or divorced or widowed | 6 (20) | 5 (19) |
|
|
|
Missing | 3 (10) | 0 (0) |
|
| Race, n (%) |
|
|
.54 | |
|
|
Black | 18 (60) | 17 (63) |
|
|
|
Asian | 0 (0) | 1 (4) |
|
|
|
White | 7 (23) | 8 (30) |
|
|
|
Other | 4 (13) | 1 (4) |
|
|
|
Missing | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
|
| Hispanic heritage, n (%) |
|
|
>.99 | |
|
|
Yes | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
|
|
|
No | 27 (90) | 27 (100) |
|
|
|
Missing | 2 (7) | 0 (0) |
|
| Annual household income (US $), n (%) |
|
|
.17 | |
|
|
0-25,000 | 10 (33) | 5 (19) |
|
|
|
25,001-50,000 | 9 (30) | 4 (15) |
|
|
|
50,001-100,000 | 2 (7) | 5 (19) |
|
|
|
More than 100,000 | 5 (17) | 8 (30) |
|
|
|
Missing | 4 (13) | 5 (19) |
|
| Education level, n (%) |
|
|
.49 | |
|
|
Some high school or high school graduate | 11 (37) | 9 (33) |
|
|
|
Some college | 10 (33) | 7 (26) |
|
|
|
College graduate | 3 (10) | 2 (7) |
|
|
|
Postgraduate degree | 2 (7) | 6 (22) |
|
|
|
Missing | 4 (13) | 3 (11) |
|
| Years with HFa, mean (SD) | 7.5 (8.1) | 7.3 (6.4) | .95 | |
|
|
Missing, n (%) | 5 (17) | 8 (30) |
|
| Number of medications to manage HF, mean (SD) | 8.7 (4.0) | 5.8 (3.4) | .008 | |
|
|
Missing, n (%) | 2 (7) | 1 (4) |
|
| Visually impaired or blind, n (%) |
|
|
.11 | |
|
|
Yes | 4 (13) | 0 (0) |
|
|
|
No | 22 (73) | 25 (93) |
|
|
|
Missing | 4 (13) | 2 (7) |
|
| Type of mobile phone, n (%) |
|
|
.41 | |
|
|
Basic | 1 (3) | 2 (7) |
|
|
|
Smart | 25 (83) | 22 (82) |
|
|
|
None | 0 (0) | 1 (4) |
|
|
|
Missing | 4 (13) | 2 (7) |
|
| Uses phone to text, n (%) |
|
|
>.99 | |
|
|
Yes | 25 (83) | 24 (89) |
|
|
|
No | 1 (3) | 1 (4) |
|
|
|
Missing | 4 (13) | 2 (7) |
|
| Uses phone for social media, n (%) |
|
|
.58 | |
|
|
Yes | 15 (50) | 17 (63) |
|
|
|
No | 11 (37) | 8 (30) |
|
|
|
Missing | 4 (13) | 2 (7) |
|
| Uses phone to browse the internet, n (%) |
|
|
.23 | |
|
|
Yes | 24 (80) | 20 (74) |
|
|
|
No | 2 (7) | 5 (19) |
|
|
|
Missing | 4 (13) | 2 (7) |
|
| Confidence in using technology, n (%) |
|
|
.87 | |
|
|
Very | 11 (37) | 12 (44) |
|
|
|
Somewhat | 13 (43) | 10 (37) |
|
|
|
Only a little | 2 (7) | 2 (7) |
|
|
|
Not at all | 0 (0) | 1 (4) |
|
|
|
Missing | 4 (13) | 2 (7) |
|
aHF: heart failure.