Table 3.
Participant characteristics when stratified by cardiorespiratory fitness
| Lowest Fitness, n = 18 (16.71 ml/kg/min) |
IQR, n = 36 (21.49 ml/kg/min) |
Highest Fitness, n = 18 (26.36 ml/kg/min) |
Between group p | ES (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and anthropometry | |||||
| Gender (M/F) | 8/10 | 17/19 | 8/10 | 0.974 | |
| Type 2 Diabetes (Y/N) | 11/7 | 18/18 | 6/12 | 0.250 | |
| MAFLD (Y/N) | 15/3 | 16/20 | 8/10 | 0.015b, c | |
| Age (years) | 54.56 (9.94) | 47.33 (9.48) | 47.89 (10.47) | 0.037b, c | 0.67 (-2.57 to 3.91) |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 119.03 (15.38) | 107.39 (12.64) | 100.38 (10.70) | <0.001b, c | 1.45 (-2.76 to 5.65) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 39.81 (4.29) | 33.34 (3.55) | 32.27 (4.12) | <0.001b, c | 1.85 (0.51 to 3.18) |
| LF (%) | 11.40 (6.25) | 8.00 (7.48) | 6.08 (5.40) | 0.033b | 0.94 (-0.92 to 2.79) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 135.66 (20.17) | 124.77 (13.08) | 119.09 (11.86) | 0.004b, c | 1.03 (-4.22 to 6.28) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 83.21 (11.33) | 78.60 (6.58) | 78.44 (6.46) | 0.107 b | 0.53 (-2.40 to 3.46) |
| Biochemistry | |||||
| AST (U/L) | 30.39 (22.57) | 25.78 (16.16) | 20.44 (3.62) | 0.189 | 0.633 (-4.50 to 5.77) |
| ALT (U/L) | 34.72 (22.72) | 29.22 (18.81) | 22.39 (10.82) | 0.136 b | 0.71 (-4.94 to 6.36) |
| CRP (mg/L) | 7.30 (6.72) | 3.38 (3.41) | 3.51 (3.30) | 0.008b, c | 0.74 (-0.94 to 2.42) |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 7.14 (3.16) | 6.26 (3.14) | 5.01 (1.59) | 0.101 b | 0.88 (0.08 to 1.67) |
| aInsulin (mU/L) | 14.29 (7.79) | 10.68 (6.16) | 8.72 (3.37) | 0.026b | 0.96 (-0.95 to 2.86) |
| aHOMA-IR | 4.56 (2.89) | 2.82 (2.06) | 2.08 (1.44) | 0.004b, c | 1.12 (0.39 to 1.84) |
| Lipids | |||||
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.61 (0.75) | 1.57 (0.73) | 1.54 (0.91) | 0.973 | 0.09 (-0.18 to 0.35) |
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.93 (1.34) | 4.93 (1.24) | 5.30 (0.95) | 0.527 | -0.33 (-0.70 to 0.04) |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.30 (0.30) | 1.22 (0.34) | 1.38 (0.29) | 0.223 | -0.28 (-0.37 to -0.19) |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.88 (1.10) | 2.96 (1.03) | 3.27 (0.87) | 0.464 | -0.41 (-0.72 to -0.09) |
| FFA (umol/L) | 531.83 (196.93) | 439.92 (188.65) | 378.49 (156.79) | 0.047b | 0.89(-55.62 to 57.39) |
Data presented as mean (SD). IQR interquartile range, ES effect size, CI confidence interval, M male, F female, MAFLD metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, Y yes, N no, BMI body mass index, LF% liver fat percentage, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, FBG fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FFA free fatty acids, VO2 Peak oxygen consumption. aHOMA-IR and insulin measures reported for 37 participants with normal glucose tolerance and 29 participants with T2D as 6 participants with T2D were undergoing exogenous insulin therapy. bsignificant difference between lowest and highest fitness; csignificant difference between lowest fitness and IQR