Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with and without pneumococcal pneumonia
| Variable and category (reference) | Case group (n = 164) |
Control group (n = 4,054) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yearsa | 76.2 ± 7.3 | 75.1 ± 6.7 | 0.127 |
| 65–69 | 32 (19.5) | 984 (24.3) | 0.153 |
| 70–74 | 44 (26.8) | 1,098 (27.1) | |
| 75–79 | 36 (22.0) | 950 (23.4) | |
| 80 + | 56 (34.1) | 1,063 (26.2) | |
| Male (vs. female) | 113 (68.9) | 2,525 (62.3) | 0.100 |
| Smoking | 0.001 | ||
| Non-smokers | 37 (22.6) | 1,198 (29.6) | |
| Current smokers | 108 (65.9) | 2,068 (51.0) | |
| Ex-smokers | 19 (11.6) | 788 (19.4) | |
| Chronic respiratory diseases (vs. absent) | |||
| Asthma | 30 (18.3) | 685 (16.9) | 0.671 |
| COPD | 42 (25.6) | 959 (23.6) | 0.574 |
| Lung cancer | 45 (27.4) | 1,594 (39.3) | 0.002 |
| Interstitial pneumonia | 29 (17.7) | 703 (17.3) | 0.916 |
| NTM | 10 (6.1) | 449 (11.1) | 0.054 |
| Othersb | 48 (29.3) | 746 (18.4) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes (vs. absent) | 65 (39.6) | 1,209 (29.8) | 0.023 |
| Chronic heart disease (vs. absent) | 95 (57.9) | 1,891 (46.6) | 0.005 |
| Chronic kidney disease (vs. absent) | 13 (7.9) | 299 (7.4) | 0.761 |
| Systemic corticosteroid user (vs. absent) | 65 (39.6) | 1,189 (29.3) | 0.007 |
Values are expressed as numbers and proportions in parentheses
aMean ± SD
bOther chronic respiratory diseases included chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, old pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and chronic cough
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NTM, non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis