Table 2.
Age-specific effectiveness and patients’ characteristics
| Variable and category (reference) | 65 to < 70 years | 70 to < 75 years | ≥ 75 years | p value of interaction term with age category | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case (n = 30) |
Control (n = 974) |
Case (n = 44) |
Control (n = 1,085) |
Case (n = 90) |
Control (n = 1,995) |
||
| PPSV23 (vs. absent) | 4 (13.3) | 94 (9.7) | 1 (2.3) | 97 (8.9) | 1 (1.1) | 123 (6.2) | 0.090 |
| Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | 1.44 (0.49–4.22) | 0.24 (0.03–1.74) | 0.17 (0.02–1.24) | ||||
| Adjusted odds ratioa (95% CI) | 1.34 (0.45–4.02) | 0.22 (0.03–1.59) | 0.17 (0.02–1.20) | 0.102 | |||
| Male (vs. female) | 19 (63.3) | 585 (60.1) | 33 (75.0) | 696 (64.2) | 61 (67.8) | 1244 (62.4) | 0.736 |
| Smoking (vs. non-smokers) | 0.727 | ||||||
| Current smokers | 21 (70.0) | 522 (53.6) | 33 (75.0) | 578 (53.3) | 54 (60.0) | 968 (48.5) | |
| Ex-smokers | 5 (16.7) | 215 (22.1) | 4 (9.1) | 222 (20.5) | 10 (11.1) | 351 (17.6) | |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | |||||||
| Asthma (vs. absent) | 5 (16.7) | 180 (18.5) | 11 (25.0) | 189 (17.4) | 14 (15.6) | 316 (15.8) | 0.506 |
| COPD (vs. absent) | 6 (20.0) | 210 (21.6) | 16 (36.4) | 282 (26.0) | 20 (22.2) | 467 (23.4) | 0.360 |
| Lung cancer (vs. absent) | 9 (30.0) | 415 (42.6) | 19 (43.2) | 409 (37.7) | 17 (18.9) | 770 (38.6) | 0.013 |
| Interstitial pneumonia (vs. absent) | 7 (23.3) | 167 (17.2) | 8 (18.2) | 195 (18.0) | 14 (15.6) | 340 (17.0) | 0.646 |
| NTM (vs. absent) | 11 (36.7) | 167 (17.2) | 10 (22.7) | 191 (17.6) | 27 (30.0) | 388 (19.5) | 0.405 |
|
Others chronic respiratory diseasesb (vs. absent) |
5 (16.7) | 87 (8.9) | 4 (9.1) | 118 (10.9) | 28 (31.1) | 332 (16.6) | 0.218 |
| Diabetes (vs. absent) | 9 (30.0) | 253 (26.0) | 26 (59.1) | 350 (32.3) | 30 (33.3) | 606 (30.4) | 0.036 |
| Chronic heart disease (vs. absent) | 12 (40.0) | 350 (35.9) | 25 (56.8) | 504 (46.5) | 58 (64.4) | 1036 (51.9) | 0.736 |
| Chronic kidney disease (vs. absent) | 0 | 28 (2.9) | 3 (6.8) | 25 (2.3) | 0 | 64 (3.2) | 0.998 |
| Systemic corticosteroid user (vs. absent) | 15 (50.0) | 311 (31.9) | 26 (59.1) | 363 (33.5) | 24 (26.7) | 515 (25.8) | 0.029 |
Bold value indicates statistical significance
aThe odds ratios for PPSV23 were calculated for adjusting smoking, lung cancer, other chronic respiratory diseases, and systemic corticosteroid user
bOther chronic respiratory diseases included chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, old pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and chronic cough
CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NE, not evaluated; NTM, non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis; PPSV23, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine