Table 5.

GRADE Approach: Miniscrews vs Intrusion Arches

Certainty Assessment							Summary of Findings
No. of Participants (Studies) and Follow-up	Risk of Bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication Bias	Overall Certainty of Evidence	Study Event Rates		Relative Effect (95% CI)	Anticipated Absolute Effects
							With Intrusion Arches	With Miniscrews		Risk with Intrusion Arches	Risk Difference With Miniscrews
Deep-bite correction (assessed with: mm)
130 (5 RCTs)	Very seriousa	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	⊕⊕○○ LOW	64	66	—	—	SMD 0.48 SD lower (0.89 lower to 0.07 lower)
Root length loss (follow-up: median 4 mo; assessed with: mm)
57 (2 RCTs)	Very seriousa	Not serious	Not serious	Seriousb	None	⊕○○○ VERY LOW	28	29	—	—	SMDc ranges from 0.41 to 0.53 SD lower
Genuine incisor intrusion (assessed with: mm [Cr to PP])
141 (5 RCTs)	Very seriousa	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	⊕⊕○○ LOW	70	71	—	—	SMD 0.95 SD lower (1.41 lower to 0.49 lower)
Amount of vertical movements in the maxillary molars (assessed with: mm)
162 (6 RCTs)	Very seriousa	Seriousd	Not serious	Not serious	None	⊕○○○ VERY LOW	80	82	—	—	SMD 0.86 SD lower (1.46 lower to 0.27 lower)

^aDowngraded two levels for risk of bias within all included RCTs.

^bDowngraded one level for low number of included trials.

^cSMD values denote only the highest and lowest observations. Detailed results are presented in Table 4.

^dDowngraded one level for statistical heterogeneity.