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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2020 Oct 8;130(6):571–577. doi: 10.1177/0003489420962818

Table 1.

Modules during the 8-week course of cognitive behavioral therapy using the mobile device application.

Week Program Component Explanation Homework
1 Tinnitus Module 1 Educational material on tinnitus and presentation of the general treatment rationale None
Introduction to Meditation and Body Scan Body scan mindfulness exercises through focusing on different parts of the body Once a day, 15 min each time
Physical Activity Increase the level of physical activity to enhance well-being and to better manage stress and tinnitus Mostly focused on increasing the everyday physical activity
2 Customized Sound Therapy Make tinnitus less noticeable by the use of external sounds, using customized sound therapy Try sound therapy
Mindful Breathing Exercises Meditation that centers around using the breath as a tool for relaxation 2 times per day, 5–8 min each time
3 Tinnitus Module 2 Educational material on tinnitus None
Sleeping Module Brief description of general techniques for sleep problems Follow advice regarding sleep
Finding Your Breath Relaxation through focusing on breathing At least 5 times per day, 30 s to a few min each time in any environment
4 Feelings Module Learn and practice how to identify negative feelings Follow the advice regarding negative feelings and do the exercises
Thoughts Module Learn and practice how to identify distorted thoughts Follow the advice regarding distorted thoughts and do the exercises
Mindful Breathing Exercises Meditation that centers around using the breath as a tool for relaxation 2 times per day, 5–8 min each time
5 Emotional Processing Module Exploring and understanding how we process and conceptualize emotion Follow the advice regarding emotional processing and do the exercises
Changing Negative Thoughts Module Introduction to the influence and modification of negative automatic thoughts Use the techniques and do the exercises
Finding Your Breath Relax through controlled breathing At least 5 times per day, 30 s to a few min each time in any environment
6 Thought Restructuring Practice for changing negative thoughts Use the techniques and do the exercises
Body Scan Exploring and enhancing the ability to shift focus between tinnitus and some other stimuli 2 times per day, 5–8 min each time
Finding Your Breath The use of rapid relaxation (controlled breathing and cue-controlled relaxation) in everyday situations At least 5 times per day, 30 s to a few min each time in any environment
7 Reduction of Worries & Stress Module Advice regarding techniques that are helpful in reducing the amount of worries Follow advice regarding reducing worries
Mindful Breathing Expanding the use of rapid relaxation to more stressful situations and to everyday tinnitus distress 2 times per day, 5–8 min each time
8 Finding Your Breath Incorporate applied relaxation in everyday life in a realistic way At least 5 times per day, 30 s to a few min each time in any environment
Summary, Maintenance, and Relapse Prevention Summarize what has been done during the treatment and how it has worked; make a plan for the future Write personalized summary and plan