Table 1.
| Study 1 | Study 2 | Study 3 | Study 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sample N a | 585 | 222 | 79 | 95 |
| Age, M (SD) | 10.8 (2.6) | 10.9 (2.3) | 10.8 (2.4) | 9.8 (1.7) |
| Age Range | 7–15 | 7–15 | 7–15 | 7–14 |
| Sex: Female, % | 37.4 | 48.2 | 50.0 | 40.4 |
| Ethnicity, % | ||||
| Black/African-American | 7.9 | 19.5 | 25.3 | 11.7 |
| Latino/Hispanic | 6.0 | 16.7 | 26.6 | 4.3 |
| White/Caucasian | 76.8 | 47.1 | 32.9 | 54.3 |
| Asian/Asian-American | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 6.4 |
| Multiracial | 7.2 | 14.0 | 11.4 | 20.2 |
| Other | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 3.2 |
| Caregiver Reporters, % | ||||
| Mothers | 69.2 | 87.1 | 91.0 | 83.2 |
| Fathers | 30.8 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 8.4 |
| Other Caregivers | 0.0 | 6.5 | 2.4 | 8.4 |
| Baseline raw scores, M (SD) b | ||||
| BFS Caregiver Internalizing | -- | 6.31 (6.11) | 7.66 (6.68) | 8.40 (5.52) |
| BFS Caregiver Externalizing | -- | 10.15 (7.56) | 12.20 (7.86) | 10.75 (7.15) |
| BFS Caregiver Total | -- | 16.46 (10.02) | 19.86 (9.91) | 19.15 (9.42) |
| BFS Youth Internalizing | -- | 5.98 (6.70) | 7.49 (6.59) | 6.62 (5.46) |
| BFS Youth Externalizing | -- | 6.08 (6.12) | 7.99 (6.90) | 5.24 (5.87) |
| BFS Youth Total | -- | 12.05 (10.35) | 15.48 (10.59) | 11.86 (9.08) |
| Baseline T-Scores, M (SD) b | ||||
| CBCL Internalizing | -- | 62.73 (9.86) | 65.32 (8.68) | 67.32 (6.99) |
| CBCL Externalizing | -- | 60.67 (10.30) | 63.61 (10.08) | 61.13 (9.66) |
| CBCL Total Problems | -- | 63.12 (9.53) | 66.06 (6.96) | 66.11 (7.01) |
| YSR Internalizing | -- | 55.46 (12.50) | 56.62 (10.45) | 57.77 (10.06) |
| YSR Externalizing | -- | 51.38 (10.54) | 53.78 (10.51) | 50.26 (8.68) |
| YSR Total Problems | -- | 54.92 (11.86) | 56.86 (10.38) | 56.68 (9.36) |
Note. Percentages for mothers and fathers include mother figures (e.g., stepmothers) and father figures (e.g., boyfriends living in the household).
a
Study 1 included caregiver-report only, Study 2 had youth-report for 203 cases, and Studies 3 and 4 had both raters for all participants.
b
In Study 1, CBCL and YSR were not collected, and the BFS data are not reported because the measure was still considered experimental at that point (e.g., with 48 items, different versions of the instructions, and MTurk convenience sample of parents but no youths) and therefore those results may not represent the final BFS or generalize to other samples in the same way as the samples for Studies 2–4.