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. 2020 Nov 27;19(4):757–766. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13502

Figure 5.

Figure 5

The Nb/pysllid/CLso pathosystem in conjunction with VIGS reveals VAD is a negative regulator of citrus immune response against CLso infection. (a) Two‐week‐old Nb plants were exposed to CLso‐positive potato psyllids for 5 days before VAD expression knock‐down by VIGS. TRV vector carrying an unrelated potato gene RB (iRB control) was used as a control. (b) Details of leaves from panel a. (c) Expression level of VAD in VIGS Nb plants was analysed by qRT‐PCR, normalized to the Ubiqutin gene (NbUbi). Two leaflets per plant were collected and four plants per treatment were used. Data are shown as means ± SE. *Significant difference in comparison to the iRB control (P < 0.01; determined by ANOVA Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test). (d) CLso bacteria titre measured by probe‐based qPCR in 50 ng host genomic DNA. *a significant difference (P < 0.01; determined by Student’s t‐test).