Table 3:

Logistic regression results examining racial/ethnic differences in minimally adequate treatment among Medicaid-enrolled youth with a new episode of major depression

	Adequate psychotherapy (≥ 4 visits)				Adequate pharmacotherapy				Adequate psychotherapy (≥ 4 visits) or pharmacotherapy				No psychotherapy and no pharmacotherapy
	ME(%)	95% CI			ME(%)	95% CI			ME(%)	95% CI			ME(%)	95% CI
Race/ethnicity (ref: non-Hispanic white)
Non-Hispanic black	−7.5	−9.4	to	−5.7	−10.4	−11.8	to	−8.9	−12.4	−14.1	to	−10.7	7.3	6.5	to	8.2
Hispanic	−2.5	−4.6	to	−0.3	−6.1	−8.0	to	−4.1	−6.5	−8.6	to	−4.3	2.1	0.7	to	3.5
Non-Hispanic other	−6.6	−13.7	to	0.6	−3.5	−8.3	to	1.4	−7.7	−14.4	to	−1.0	6.0	2.0	to	10.1
Unknown	−3.0	−5.9	to	−0.1	−0.7	−2.8	to	1.4	−3.5	−5.9	to	−1.0	3.0	1.5	to	4.4
Demographics
Age	−0.4	−0.6	to	−0.2	1.4	1.1	to	1.6	0.1	−0.1	to	0.3	−0.4	−0.5	to	−0.3
Female	1.6	0.5	to	2.7	4.4	3.6	to	5.3	3.4	2.3	to	4.4	−3.0	−3.6	to	−2.4
Health plan type (ref: Fee-for-service or primary care case management)
Comprehensive managed care plan or any behavioral health care carve-out plan	−8.1	−10.6	to	−5.7	2.2	0.7	to	3.7	−5.3	−7.4	to	−3.3	2.6	1.1	to	4.0
More than one type of plan	−7.4	−9.1	to	−5.6	−1.3	−2.7	to	0.2	−6.0	−7.7	to	−4.4	1.4	0.4	to	2.5
Basis of Eligibility (ref: blind/disabled)
Foster care	21.7	19.1	to	24.3	3.4	1.4	to	5.3	20.0	17.4	to	22.5	−6.9	−8.7	to	−5.2
Other eligibility type	6.7	4.8	to	8.6	1.0	−0.4	to	2.4	5.5	3.9	to	7.2	−3.2	−4.1	to	−2.2
Physical health comorbidity
Asthma	2.0	0.02	to	4.0	4.2	2.4	to	6.1	4.0	2.0	to	6.0	−1.8	−3.3	to	−0.4
Any other chronic condition	−2.8	−5.8	to	0.1	1.0	−1.5	to	3.4	−1.4	−4.3	to	1.5	−0.1	−1.9	to	1.7
Mental health comorbidity
Oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder	9.2	7.6	to	10.7	2.0	0.9	to	3.2	8.7	7.0	to	10.4	−1.8	−2.7	to	−0.8
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	3.8	2.5	to	5.2	2.5	1.1	to	3.9	4.6	3.4	to	5.9	−1.9	−2.7	to	−1.1
Anxiety disorder	4.3	2.3	to	6.3	10.7	9.3	to	12.1	10.4	8.3	to	12.4	−5.8	−7.5	to	−4.2
Bipolar disorder	5.6	3.8	to	7.4	4.7	3.3	to	6.1	6.9	5.2	to	8.5	−2.6	−3.7	to	−1.4
Other mental health disorder or substance use disorder	9.7	8.2	to	11.1	6.7	5.8	to	7.5	11.0	9.7	to	12.3	−4.4	−5.1	to	−3.6
County-level characteristics
Percentage residents living in urban areaa	−0.6	−2.1	to	1.0	−0.5	−1.4	to	0.4	−1.0	−2.3	to	0.4	1.0	−0.01	to	1.9
Percentage residents living in povertya	−0.8	−1.9	to	0.3	−1.0	−1.9	to	−0.1	−1.1	−2.0	to	−0.1	−0.5	−1.4	to	0.4
Outpatient mental health facilities per 100K residentsa	−0.3	−1.1	to	0.5	−0.03	−0.6	to	0.5	−0.4	−1.1	to	0.3	0.2	−0.3	to	0.7
Community health centers per 100K residentsa	−0.5	−1.7	to	0.6	−0.5	−1.2	to	0.3	−0.8	−1.9	to	0.3	1.3	0.4	to	2.2
Primary care physicians per 100K residentsa	0.5	−0.9	to	1.9	−0.2	−1.2	to	0.8	0.1	−1.1	to	1.4	−0.3	−1.2	to	0.7
Psychologists per 100K residentsa	1.0	−1.2	to	3.1	0.1	−0.9	to	1.1	0.9	−1.3	to	3.0	0.3	−1.2	to	1.8
Intercept	40.9				22.8				54.7				12.9

Notes: ME = marginal effect; Ref = reference; CI = confidence interval. N = 45,816

Marginal effects and intercept were estimated at the reference of race/ethnicity (i.e., whites) and the observed value of other covariates.

Logistic regressions were estimated with state indicators and standard errors were clustered at the county level.

^aContinuous measures were standardized such that a one-unit increase corresponds to a one standard deviation increase in the measure above its mean value.