Comparison of BW locomotion in knock-out and control mice. A, The mean (±SD) values of speed and step amplitude during BW locomotion in control mice (N = 8, n = 120 and N = 3, n = 127, respectively), V0Glut-KO mice (N = 3, n = 67 and N = 3, n = 74, respectively), and V0-KO mice (N = 4, n = 48 and N = 4, n = 49, respectively). B, The mean (±SD) values of swing and stance duration as well as the frequency of locomotor movements during BW locomotion in control mice (N = 7, n = 78), V0Glut-KO mice (N = 3, n = 62), and V0-KO mice (N = 4, n = 43). Statistically significant differences: in A, difference between values of the mean step amplitude in control and V0-KO mice (unpaired t test, t(9) = 3.93, p = 0.003), as well as in V0Glut-KO and V0-KO mice (unpaired t test, t(3) = 3.55, p = 0.04); in B, difference between values of the mean swing duration in control and V0-KO mice (unpaired t test, t(5) = 3.20, p = 0.02), of the mean stance duration in control and V0-KO mice (unpaired t test, t(8) = 5.36, p = 0.68 × 10−5), of the mean frequency of locomotor movements in control and V0-KO mice (unpaired t test, t(4) = −4.91, p = 0.008), as well as in V0Glut-KO and V0-KO mice (unpaired t test, t(5) = −4.08, p = 0.009). C–E, Swing duration and stance duration plotted versus cycle duration observed in control (C), V0Glut-KO (D), and V0-KO (E) mice during BW locomotion. Note the strong positive correlation between cycle duration and stance duration, as well as weak or absence of correlation between cycle duration and swing duration observed in both control and KO mice. In C: N = 12, n = 233; in D: N = 3, n = 121; in E: N = 7, n = 130. F–H, Activity of left Tib (Tib-L) and right Tib (Tib-R), as well as a structure of corresponding locomotor cycles of the left hindlimb (HL-L) and right hindlimb (HL-R) during BW locomotion recorded in control (F), V0Glut-KO (G), and V0-KO (H) mice. The colored part of the cycle indicates the swing phase. Dashed lines demarcate cycles of the left hindlimb (reference limb). I, J, Circular diagrams showing the mean (±SD) values of the phase shift between two hindlimbs (I) and between two forelimbs (J) during BW locomotion performed by control, V0Glut-KO, and V0-KO mice. The number of control, V0Glut-KO, and V0-KO mice and the corresponding number of analyzed reference limb cycles, respectively: in I: N = 11, 3, 7; n = 126, 68, 79; in J: N = 11, 4, 7; n = 103, 57, 56.