Figure 12.

Schematic of changes in LCN activity modulated by LC, according to experiments in this paper and literature. Decreased LCN TH expression results in decreased performance in PPI, associative learning of fear, response inhibition, and working memory. Decreased LCN VGlut2⁺ output neuron excitability results in facilitation of learning of a working memory task in mice. Reduced PC TH expression results in decreased performance in behavioral flexibility, response inhibition, social recognition memory, and associative fear learning (Locke et al., 2020). Decreased LCN D1R⁺ neuron excitability results in impaired spatial navigation memory, response inhibition, working memory, and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (Locke et al., 2018).