FIGURE 2.

SC‐derived exosomes up‐regulate spermatogonial differentiation markers in SSCs. A, RT‐qPCR determined the expression of genes involved in differentiation of spermatogonia (Stra8 and Sycp3) in SSCs treated with SC‐derived exosomes (SC‐EXO) and LC‐derived exosomes (LC‐EXO) for 72 h. SSCs without exosome treatment were used as control. The copy number of mRNA of each gene was normalized with Gapdh, and the data were obtained from three independent experiments and are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05. B, Co‐immunostaining of SSC marker GFRα and meiosis marker SYCP3 in SSCs treated with SC‐EXO and LC‐EXO for 72 h. SSCs without exosome treatment were used as control. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 10 μm. C, Quantitative analysis of the percentage of SYCP3‐positive cells in (B). Each data point indicates the percentage of SYCP3‐positive cells. Each data point indicates the percentage of SYCP3‐positive cells in one separate image. These images were obtained from three independent experiments, and data were presented as mean ± SD, ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001