TABLE 2.
Number of days that COVID‐19 cases and controls without COVID‐19 reported impacts on physical or mental health, or limitations with usual activities
| Healthy days measure a | Cases (SARS‐CoV‐2 positive) (n = 157) | Controls (SARS‐CoV‐2 negative) (n = 163) | P‐value b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. responses | No. days, median (IQR) | No. responses | No. days, median (IQR) | ||
| Not good physical health | 156 | 5 (0‐9) | 162 | 0 (0‐3) | <.01 |
| Not good mental health | 155 | 0 (0‐7) | 160 | 1 (0‐4) | .91 |
| Activity limitation | 155 | 4 (0‐7) | 162 | 0 (0‐3) | <.01 |
| Pain | 154 | 0 (0‐6) | 161 | 0 (0‐1) | <.01 |
| Sad, depressed, blue | 155 | 0 (0‐4) | 161 | 0 (0‐2) | .26 |
| Anxious | 154 | 1 (0‐7) | 160 | 1 (0‐6) | .87 |
| Sleepless | 153 | 2 (0‐6) | 162 | 3 (0‐7) | .07 |
| Full of energy | 155 | 5 (1‐12) | 159 | 8 (3‐12) | .04 |
| Symptom experienced during illness | No. responses | No. days of poor physical health, median (IQR) | No. responses | No. days of poor physical health, median (IQR) | P‐value b |
| Fever (>100.4 Fahrenheit) | 69 | 7 (1‐11) | 33 | 1 (0‐3) | <.01 |
| Felt feverish/chills | 80 | 6 (1‐10) | 61 | 1 (0‐3) | <.01 |
| Shortness of breath | 56 | 8 (5‐13) | 41 | 1 (0‐6) | <.01 |
| Any cough | 101 | 6 (2‐10) | 71 | 0 (0‐3) | <.01 |
| Chest pain | 36 | 8 (3‐13) | 24 | 2 (0‐9) | .01 |
| Abdominal pain | 25 | 10 (7‐14) | 29 | 2 (0‐7) | <.01 |
| Nausea/vomiting/loss of appetite | 87 | 7 (3‐11) | 61 | 1 (0‐5) | <.01 |
| Diarrhea | 68 | 7 (5‐13) | 42 | 1 (0‐3) | <.01 |
| Body aches/weakness/fatigue | 120 | 7 (3‐10) | 91 | 1 (0‐4) | <.01 |
| Runny nose/congestion/sore throat | 98 | 6 (0‐11) | 117 | 0 (0‐3) | <.01 |
| Loss of taste or smell | 97 | 6 (2‐10) | 9 | 2 (0‐4) | .10 |
| Persistent symptom(s) during interview | 78 | 8 (4‐13) | 51 | 2 (0‐5) | <.01 |
All participants were asked four questions adapted from Healthy Days Core Module and five questions from the Healthy Days Symptoms Module: “Would you say that in general your health is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?” (data not shown); “Now thinking about your physical health, which includes physical illness and injury, for how many days during the past 14 days was your physical health not good?” (Not good physical health); “Now thinking about your mental health, which includes stress, depression, and problems with emotions, for how many days during the past 14 days was your mental health not good?” (Not good mental health); “During the past 14 days, for about how many days did poor physical or mental health keep you from doing your usual activities, such as self‐care, work, or recreation?” (Activity limitation); “During the past 14 days, for about how many days did pain make it hard for you to do your usual activities, such as self‐care, work, or recreation?” (Pain); “During the past 14 days, for about how many days have you felt sad, blue, or depressed?” (Sad, depressed, blue); “During the past 14 days, for about how many days have you felt worried, tense, or anxious?” (Anxious); “During the past 14 days, for about how many days have you felt you did not get enough rest or sleep?” (Sleepless); “During the past 30 days, for about how many days have you felt very healthy and full of energy?” (Full of energy).
P‐value from Wilcoxon rank‐sum test for difference in number of days of symptoms and the difference in number of days of poor physical health reported among COVID‐19 cases and controls without COVID‐19.