Table 4. Aflatoxin B1 contamination in feed ingredients measured by UPT-LF, ELISA and HPLC-MS/MS methods.
| Feed ingredient | Method | Positive rate (%) | Mean value (μg/kg) | Median value (μg/kg) | Maximum value (μg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corn | UPT-LF | 100 | 3.60±0.45a | 3.52 | 4.31 |
| ELISA | 100 | 1.72±0.43b | 1.45 | 2.27 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 1.26±0.47b | 1.08 | 2.10 | |
| Soybean meal | UPT-LF | — | — | — | — |
| ELISA | 100 | 2.25±0.41a | 2.18 | 2.74 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 1.36±0.35b | 1.19 | 1.85 | |
| Peanut meal | UPT-LF | 100 | 80.79±15.45 | 85.39 | 94.81 |
| ELISA | 100 | 66.04±14.91 | 65.21 | 81.36 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 56.53±33.91 | 54.41 | 100.71 | |
| Wheat bran | UPT-LF | 100 | 14.56±2.84a | 15.38 | 17.08 |
| ELISA | 100 | 8.22±1.85b | 8.70 | 10.07 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 5.00±14.90c | 4.96 | 7.55 | |
| DDGSa | UPT-LF | 100 | 27.69±5.74a | 26.91 | 31.18 |
| ELISA | 100 | 24.42±4.65ab | 24.15 | 31.08 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 20.90±1.90b | 21.04 | 22.95 | |
| Corn protein powder | UPT-LF | 100 | 25.89±8.61 | 27.33 | 35.16 |
| ELISA | 100 | 16.64±28.33 | 3.85 | 67.30 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 11.32±9.11 | 8.69 | 26.30 | |
| Cottonseed meal | UPT-LF | 100 | 86.98±10.53a | 84.25 | 98.56 |
| ELISA | 80 | 59.55±23.01b | 56.88 | 84.61 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 45.94±4.34b | 45.21 | 51.09 | |
| Rapeseed meal | UPT-LF | 100 | 8.34±2.28 | 7.96 | 10.96 |
| ELISA | 100 | 6.37±1.97 | 6.09 | 8.38 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 6.86±2.13 | 7.79 | 8.21 | |
| Corn germ meal | UPT-LF | 100 | 161.66±15.66a | 154.36 | 186.34 |
| ELISA | 100 | 137.60±3.62b | 137.41 | 143.20 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 136.73±5.18b | 138.18 | 143.12 | |
| Alfalfa | UPT-LF | 100 | 53.37±7.90a | 54.28 | 62.35 |
| ELISA | 100 | 45.34±4.75b | 46.39 | 49.96 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 49.21±11.36b | 47.23 | 61.87 | |
| Wheat | UPT-LF | 100 | 40.38±13.97a | 33.11 | 63.79 |
| ELISA | 100 | 24.53±4.36b | 23.71 | 30.71 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 35.24±8.64ab | 33.60 | 46.04 | |
| Fish meal | UPT-LF | 100 | 25.27±5.25 | 24.52 | 32.93 |
| ELISA | 100 | 21.72±5.80 | 22.15 | 28.70 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 24.53±9.26 | 26.89 | 33.45 | |
| Corn straw | UPT-LF | 100 | 38.37±12.82a | 33.58 | 160.12 |
| ELISA | 100 | 21.42±3.04b | 20.81 | 26.36 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 21.56±7.53b | 19.02 | 34.37 |
Means with different superscripts are significantly different within a column (P < 0.05). Data are expressed as Mean ± SD (n = 5).
aDDGS, distiller’s dried grain with solubles (corn).