Table 5. Zearalenone contamination in feed ingredients measured by UPT-LF, ELISA and HPLC-MS/MS methods.
| Feed ingredient | Method | Positive rate (%) | Mean value (μg/kg) | Median value (μg/kg) | Maximum value (μg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corn | UPT-LF | 100 | 36.30±5.80b | 35.62 | 42.52 |
| ELISA | 100 | 53.48±5.43a | 53.45 | 60.84 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 24.69±2.74c | 23.60 | 28.42 | |
| Soybean meal | UPT-LF | 100 | 127.00±18.49a | 119.57 | 147.70 |
| ELISA | 100 | 60.68±8.13b | 57.09 | 70.75 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 64.12±8.57b | 63.39 | 74.23 | |
| Peanut meal | UPT-LF | 100 | 38.53±15.29a | 41.08 | 52.30 |
| ELISA | 100 | 33.57±7.56ab | 31.22 | 45.20 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 22.37±0.62b | 22.58 | 22.97 | |
| Wheat bran | UPT-LF | 100 | 73.30±10.05a | 76.12 | 85.31 |
| ELISA | 100 | 50.03±23.12b | 44.07 | 89.26 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 27.19±6.55c | 24.53 | 38.86 | |
| DDGSa | UPT-LF | 100 | 36.61±10.19a | 33.51 | 51.20 |
| ELISA | 100 | 29.27±5.43ab | 26.92 | 35.17 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 24.44±1.22b | 24.45 | 25.53 | |
| Corn protein powder | UPT-LF | 100 | 138.41±131.57 | 75.99 | 370.98 |
| ELISA | 100 | 229.92±295.86 | 84.92 | 752.17 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 59.37±20.70 | 39.08 | 149.54 | |
| Cottonseed meal | UPT-LF | — | — | — | — |
| ELISA | — | — | — | — | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 24.31±1.88 | 23.80 | 27.37 | |
| Rapeseed meal | UPT-LF | — | — | — | — |
| ELISA | — | — | — | — | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 23.58±0.50 | 23.83 | 23.97 | |
| Corn germ meal | UPT-LF | 100 | 291.27±56.61b | 302.84 | 350.91 |
| ELISA | 100 | 307.60±52.33b | 327.77 | 373.07 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 394.54±46.97a | 381.74 | 468.85 | |
| Alfalfa | UPT-LF | 100 | 226.76±32.20 | 215.57 | 279.26 |
| ELISA | 100 | 255.79±65.90 | 258.78 | 340.63 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 285.39±102.05 | 266.33 | 434.99 | |
| Wheat | UPT-LF | 100 | 202.60±49.19a | 207.42 | 266.35 |
| ELISA | 100 | 89.46±51.44b | 75.09 | 169.01 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 96.05±51.91b | 102.43 | 168.77 | |
| Fish meal | UPT-LF | 100 | 54.29±4.84 | 53.87 | 60.73 |
| ELISA | 100 | 57.06±37.00 | 46.79 | 118.43 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 61.80±34.55 | 47.26 | 121.46 | |
| Corn straw | UPT-LF | 100 | 161.40±96.48 | 203.06 | 248.56 |
| ELISA | 100 | 135.00±42.05 | 152.07 | 171.31 | |
| HPLC-MS/MS | 100 | 139.65±42.04 | 154.23 | 179.96 |
Means with different superscripts are significantly different within a column (P < 0.05). Data are expressed as Mean ± SD (n = 5).
aDDGS, distiller’s dried grain with solubles (corn).