Table 2. Prevalence of Controlled Blood Pressure (< 130/80 mm Hg) among Adults with Diabetes-NHANES, 1999-2016.
Variables |
Overall (n=7521) |
1999-2004 (n=1960) |
2005-2010 (n=2663) |
2011-2016 (n=2898) |
Ptrend (adjusted) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients |
51.3 (0.8) |
42.3 (1.8) |
48.8 (1.3) |
51.2 (1.4) |
<0.001 |
Race and ethnicity |
|||||
Whites |
51.4 (1.3) |
44.5 (2.7) |
51.8 (1.9) |
53.8 (2.1) |
0.01 |
Blacks |
44.4 (1.5) |
43.8 (1.5) |
49.6 (1.9) |
53.3 (2.2) |
0.03 |
Hispanics |
40.5 (1.2) |
36.8 (2.6) |
42.8 (1.7) |
40.7 (2.1) |
0.26 |
Others |
53.3 (1.6) |
41.2 (2.9) |
52.6 (2.0) |
59.8 (2.3) |
<0.001 |
Education |
|||||
Less than high school |
44.2 (1.3) |
37.1 (2.2) |
44.4 (2.0) |
47.8 (2.3) |
<0.001 |
High school graduate |
46.1 (1.5) |
42.4 (3.0) |
46.4 (2.2) |
48.6 (2.7) |
0.18 |
Some college |
50.2 (1.6) |
44.5 (3.3) |
53.4 (2.5) |
50.8 (2.4) |
0.42 |
College graduate or above |
55.4 (2.2) |
50.6 (4.7) |
60.4 (4.0) |
54.2 (3.1) |
0.28 |
Poverty-to-income ratio (PIR) |
|||||
<100% |
44.5 (1.6) |
38.5 (2.8) |
46.0 (3.2) |
47.1 (2.4) |
0.02 |
100%-299% |
46.5 (1.2) |
40.0 (2.4) |
48.9 (1.6) |
50.1 (2.0) |
<0.001 |
300%-499% |
54.0 (2.0) |
49.4 (5.1) |
54.9 (3.9) |
55.7 (3.8) |
0.45 |
≥500% |
50.0 (2.6) |
44.5 (1.9) |
54.1 (1.9) |
50.6 (2.0) |
0.75 |
Insurance |
|||||
Insured |
54.3 (1.9) |
47.0 (2.0) |
54.0 (1.5) |
57.4 (1.4) |
<0.001 |
Uninsured |
45.6 (0.9) |
46.8 (4.6) |
45.5 (2.8) |
44.6 (3.0) |
0.35 |
Statin use |
|||||
Yes |
57.9 (1.4) |
42.9 (3.6) |
56.2 (2.0) |
61.9 (2.3) |
0.03 |
No |
45.8 (1.2) |
42.1 (2.1) |
42.1 (1.7) |
47.3 (2.4) |
0.07 |
Diabetes Medication |
|||||
Oral medications only |
51.0 (1.2) |
45.6 (2.1) |
54.0 (2.1) |
50.4 (2.0) |
0.22 |
Insulin |
57.4 (2.5) |
52.2 (4.5) |
59.0 (3.8) |
59.0 (4.4) |
0.47 |
Oral medication and insulin |
54.4 (2.3) |
47.8 (5.3) |
51.6 (3.1) |
58.8 (3.3) |
<0.01 |
None |
47.8 (2.0) |
47.2 (1.4) |
44.3 (3.7) |
49.5 (2.9) |
0.18 |
Co-morbidities |
|
|
|
|
|
Hypertension |
31.5 (0.9) |
22.8 (1.8) |
34.2 (1.2) |
34.4 (1.6) |
<0.01 |
Chronic Kidney Disease |
37.9 (1.4) |
30.9 (3.5) |
41.7 (2.1) |
38.7 (2.0) |
0.29 |
Cardiovascular disease |
49.4 (1.1) |
38.2 (2.9) |
45.9 (2.1) |
50.4 (2.7) |
0.05 |
Albuminuria |
31.3 (1.4) |
28.3 (2.8) |
37.2 (2.1) |
28.3 (2.2) |
0.08 |
Data are presented as percentages and Standard Error (SE) | |||||