Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of 2000 patients with valvular and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
| Clinical features | Valvular AF (N = 177, 8.9%) | Nonvalvular AF (N = 1823, 91.1%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (mean ± SD) | 62.1 ± 12.0 | 69.6 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Age < 50 years | 27 (15.3%) | 165 (9.1%) | <0.001 |
| Age > 75 years | 18 (10.2%) | 533 (29.2%) | <0.001 |
| Females | 118 (66.7%) | 949 (52.1%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 95 (53.7%) | 1391 (76.3%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 55 (31.1%) | 827 (45.4%) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index > 25 kg/m2∗ | 104 (65.8%) | 1288 (77.3%) | 0.002 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 49 (27.7%) | 829 (45.5%) | <0.001 |
| Current cigarette smoking | 26 (14.7%) | 247 (13.6%) | 0.65 |
| Permanent atrial fibrillation | 83 (46.9%) | 521 (28.6%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke or systemic embolization | 27 (15.3%) | 298 (16.3%) | 0.83 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 13 (7.3%) | 212 (11.6%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 33 (18.6%) | 434 (23.8%) | 0.14 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%∗ | 16 (9.2%) | 229 (13.4%) | 0.15 |
| Pulmonary hypertension∗ | 79 (44.6%) | 264 (25.5%) | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy∗∗ | 54 (33.8%) | 653 (39.6%) | 0.09 |
| Sleep apnea | 3 (17%) | 73 (4.0%) | 0.15 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6 (3.4%) | 79 (4.3%) | 0.64 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11 (6.2%) | 170 (9.3%) | 0.22 |
| HAS-BLED score (mean ± SD) | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 0.004 |
∗Body mass index was measured in 1824 patients, left ventricular ejection fraction in 1888 patients, pulmonary hypertension in 1998 patients, and left ventricular hypertrophy in 1808 patients.