Figure 2.

Treatment-related decreases in intrinsic connectivity of both the amygdala and insula with fronto-parietal regions and associations with treatment response. Figure depicts regions of the left IFJ and left IPS that displayed treatment-related decreases in connectivity with both the amygdala and insula, identified via conjunction analysis (A). Solid lines are the prolonged exposure arm and dotted lines represent the waiting list arm. Of these effects, greater decreases in amygdala-left IFJ connectivity and greater decreases in insula-left IPS connectivity were associated with larger reductions in CAPS Total scores from pre- to post-treatment (B). Graphs in B display changes in CAPS total scores from pre- to post-treatment with separate plots for individuals from each treatment arm above and below the grand mean for the connectivity decreases. Note this median split is done for visual purposes only, and the analysis treated connectivity change as a continuous variable. Scatter plots depicting the relationships between change in connectivity (post-treatment vs. pre-treatment) and change in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale total scores (pre-treatment vs. post-treatment) are also displayed for additional visualization of relationships. Note that these reflect data from completers only and are thus not directly comparable to results from the mixed model analyses. Areas from conjunction analysis are rendered on an average brain surface with signs indicating the directionality of change in the prolonged exposure arm (blue denoting less connectivity at post-treatment, yellow denoting greater connectivity at post-treatment). Seed regions are displayed on the MNI average brain. Error bars indicate ± 1 S.E. CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; IFJ = inferior frontal junction; IPS = intraparietal sulcus; PE = prolonged exposure; Pre = pre-treatment; Post = post-treatment; WL = waiting list.