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. 2021 Apr 16;11:8338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87495-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Time-calibrated species tree of the subfamily Hyperoliinae. Maximum clade credibility tree based on StarBEAST2 analysis of four nuclear markers with geological epochs as a time scale (abbreviation P stands for Pliocene and Q for Quaternary). Dots at nodes signify high supports (Bayesian posterior probability ≥ 0.95), median node ages are shown to the right from each node, lower support values are shown to the left of the relevant node. Leptopelis (Arthroleptidae) is outgroup. Photos on the right side from top to bottom (not to scale): Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris, H. phantasticus, Cryptothylax greshoffii (in a calling position; note the extensive gular gland and missing vocal sac), H. robustus (now Congolius robustus gen. et comb. n.), Morerella cyanophthalma. Photos by V.G. and T. F. Kpan (Morerella cyanophthalma).