Table 1.
Characteristics of all study participants according to perioperative bronchodilator use.
| Overall | Perioperative Bronchodilator | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 268) | No (N = 156) | Yes (N = 112)* | P value | |
| Age (years) | 66.7 (7.3) | 65.8 (7.3) | 68.1 (7.0) | 0.01 |
| Sex | 0.92 | |||
| Female | 39 (14.6) | 23 (14.7) | 16 (14.3) | |
| Male | 229 (85.4) | 133 (85.3) | 96 (85.7) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.97 | |||
| Underweight | 8 (3.0) | 5 (3.2) | 3 (2.7) | |
| Normal | 87 (32.5) | 52 (33.3) | 35 (31.3) | |
| Overweight | 67 (25.0) | 39 (25.0) | 28 (25.0) | |
| Obese | 106 (39.6) | 60 (38.5) | 46 (41.1) | |
| Smoking status | 0.76 | |||
| Never | 32 (11.9) | 19 (12.2) | 13 (11.6) | |
| Current smoker | 115 (42.9) | 64 (41) | 51 (45.5) | |
| Ex-smoker | 121 (45.1) | 73 (46.8) | 48 (42.9) | |
| Pulmonary function test | ||||
| FVC (mL) | 3,429.5 (746.3) | 3,495.1 (745.4) | 3,338.1 (741.2) | 0.09 |
| FVC, % predicted | 82.6 (11.8) | 83.5 (11.8) | 81.4 (11.7) | 0.15 |
| FEV1 (mL) | 1,982.3 (503.1) | 2,076.6 (489.8) | 1,851.0 (494) | < 0.01 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 66 (11.1) | 68 (10.2) | 63.2 (11.7) | < 0.01 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 58 (8.4) | 59.6 (7.6) | 55.7 (9.0) | < 0.01 |
| DLco, % predicted | 78.0 (16.2) | 79.9 (15.4) | 75.4 (17.0) | 0.024 |
| Histology | < 0.01 | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 146 (54.5) | 98 (62.8) | 48 (42.9) | |
| Squamous cell | 104 (38.8) | 52 (33.3) | 52 (46.4) | |
| Large cell | 9 (3.4) | 4 (2.6) | 5 (4.5) | |
| Others | 9 (3.4) | 2 (1.3) | 7 (6.3) | |
| Location | 0.10 | |||
| Right upper lobe | 76 (28.4) | 48 (30.8) | 28 (25.0) | |
| Right middle lobe | 11 (4.1) | 6 (3.8) | 5 (4.5) | |
| Right lower lobe | 49 (18.3) | 22 (14.1) | 27 (24.1) | |
| Left upper lobe | 87 (32.5) | 48 (30.8) | 39 (34.8) | |
| Left lower lobe | 45 (16.8) | 32 (20.5) | 13 (11.6) | |
| Type of surgery | 0.35 | |||
| Wedge resection/segmentectomy | 54 (20.1) | 27 (17.3) | 27 (24.1) | |
| Lobectomy | 194 (72.4) | 116 (74.4) | 78 (69.6) | |
| Bilobectomy/pneumonectomy | 20 (7.5) | 13 (8.3) | 7 (6.3) | |
| VATS | 163 (60.8) | 100 (64.1) | 63 (56.3) | 0.19 |
| Clinical stage | 0.17 | |||
| I | 157 (58.6) | 94 (60.3) | 63 (56.3) | |
| II | 69 (25.7) | 43 (27.6) | 26 (23.2) | |
| III | 42 (15.7) | 19 (12.2) | 23 (20.5) | |
| Adjuvant treatment | 63 (23.5) | 34 (21.8) | 29 (25.9) | 0.44 |
Values in the table represent means (standard deviation), or numbers (percent).
BMI body mass index, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1, FVC forced expiratory vital capacity, VATS video-assisted thoracic surgery.
*Among 112 patients who used a bronchodilator, 17 (15.2%), 19 (17.0%), 61 (54.5%), and 15 (13.4%) received LAMA, ICS/LABA, LAMA/LABA, and ICS/LAMA/LABA, respectively. There was no ICS monotherapy.