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. 2021 Apr 16;7:36. doi: 10.1038/s41522-021-00205-8

Fig. 2. BBR decreased TMAO level in ApoE KO mice.

Fig. 2

a, b Eight-week-old female ApoE KO mice (n = 10 per group) were fed a chow or choline (1%) diet with or without BBR (BBR-L, 100 mg/kg; BBR-H, 200 mg/kg) and chow with Abs for 4 months. Serum TMA and TMAO levels were measured by HPLC/MS. c, d Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were administered a single dose of choline (400 mg/kg, n = 10) or TMA (40 mg/kg, n = 10). Blood samples were collected at indicated times and serum TMA and TMAO levels were determined by HPLC/MS. e–g ApoE KO mice fed a chow diet or choline diet (1%) with or without BBR (100 mg/kg) for 4 months (n = 10 per group) were administered a single dose of d9-choline (400 mg/kg) or d9-TMA (40 mg/kg). At 4 h after choline was given, or 1 h after TMA was given, the mice were euthanized and blood was collected. Serum d9-TMA and d9-TMAO levels were determined by HPLC/MS. h Expression levels of FMO3 gene mRNAs were quantified using RT-qPCR assays. Values are presented as means ± SEM (n = 10). a p < 0.05; b p < 0.01; c p < 0.001 (versus chow-diet group); e p < 0.05; f p < 0.01; g p < 0.001 (versus choline-diet group).