Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants according to troponin status.
| Variables | Overall n = 14,855 | cTn-negative |
cTn-positive |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 13,828 | n = 1027 | |||
| Age, years | 49(36–62) | 48 (35–60) | 71 (61–80) | <0.001 |
| NLR | 2.33 (1.46–3.86) | 2.26 (1.44–3.69) | 4.03 (2.23–7.40) | <0.001 |
| D-Dimer,μg/ml | 0.36 (0.20–0.71) | 0.35 (0.19–0.65) | 0.93 (0.41–2.07) | <0.001 |
| LDH, U/L | 227(184–303) | 223 (183–294) | 331(242–480) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/dl | 5.40 (1.10–23.3) | 4.70 (1.00–19.9) | 41.3 (9.53–126) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, mg/dl | 13.6 (12.3–14.8) | 13.7 (12.4–14.9) | 12.2 (10.7–13.6) | <0.001 |
| Platelet counts, x109/L | 208(169–256) | 209(170–256) | 197 (150–248) | <0.001 |
| Sex, male n (%) | 8272 (54.0) | 7705 (53.9) | 567 (54.8) | 0.598 |
| Dyspnea, n(%) | 5817 (38.0) | 5476 (38.3) | 341 (33.0) | 0.001 |
| Fever, n(%) | 5968 (39.0) | 5628 (39.4) | 340 (32.9) | <0.001 |
| Healthcare worker, n(%) | 793 (5.2) | 777 (5.4) | 16 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Pregnancy, n(%) | 73 (0.5) | 72 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | 0.109 |
| Valvular heart disease, n(%) | 175 (1.1) | 142 (1.0) | 33 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias, n(%) | 1011 (6.6) | 796 (5.6) | 215 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| CAD, n(%) | 2341 (15.3) | 1864 (13.0) | 477 (46.1) | <0.001 |
| PAD, n(%) | 585 (3.8) | 474 (3.3) | 111 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| CTD, n(%) | 441 (2.9) | 395 (2.8) | 46 (4.4) | 0.002 |
| Malignancy, n(%) | 473 (3.1) | 389 (2.7) | 84 (8.1) | <0.001 |
| Lymphoma, n(%) | 51 (0.3) | 42 (0.3) | 9 (0.9) | 0.006 |
| Heart failure, n(%) | 776 (5.1) | 528 (3.7) | 248 (24.0) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia on CT, n(%) | 10250 (66.9) | 9356 (65.5) | 894 (86.5) | <0.001 |
| COPD, n(%) | 3306 (21.6) | 2893 (20.3) | 413 (39.9) | <0.001 |
| DM, n(%) | 3056 (19.9) | 2671 (18.7) | 385 (37.2) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n(%) | 976 (6.4) | 764 (5.3) | 212 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 5561 (36.3) | 4768 (33.4) | 793 (76.7) | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease, n(%) | 385 (2.6) | 349 (2.5) | 36 (3.5) | 0.071 |
| CKD, n(%) | 494 (3.2) | 304 (2.1) | 190 (18.4) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital treatments, n(%) | ||||
| Favipiravir | 3898 (25.4) | 3296 (23.1) | 602 (58.2) | <0.001 |
| HCQ | 13345 (87.1) | 12417 (86.9) | 928 (89.7) | 0.010 |
| High dose C-vitamin | 2374 (15.5) | 2044 (14.3) | 330 (31.9) | <0.001 |
| Oseltamivir | 7890 (51.5) | 7267 (50.9) | 623 (60.3) | <0.001 |
| Azithromycin | 9652 (63.0) | 8885 (62.2) | 767 (74.2) | <0.001 |
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir | 464 (3.0) | 366 (2.6) | 98 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| cTn, xULN | 0.08 (0.00–0.28) | – | – | – |
| cTn, positive, n(%) | 1027(6.9%) | – | – | – |
NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CAD, coronary artery disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease; CTD, collagen tissue disorders; CT, computed tomography; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HCQ, hydroxy-chloroquine; cTn, cardiac troponin.