Table 5.
Summary of results of surgical skill transfer assessment by outcome
| Reference | Surgical technical performance |
Time | Operative outcome parameters | Patient-related outcome parameters | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Score | Operating time (min) | Blood loss (ml) | Length of stay (days) | |
|
Culligan et al.30
Intervention group Control group |
GOALS |
✓
34.7 31.1 + |
✓
21.7(3.3) 30.9 (0.6)* |
✓
25.4 31.3* |
|
|
Gerull et al.31
Pretest Post-test |
RO-SCORE |
✓
2.06(0.85) 4.35(0.69)† |
|||
|
Vargas et al.32
Intervention group Control |
GEARS |
✗
15.4(2.5) 15.3(3.4) |
✗
9.2(2.7) 9.9(2.1) |
||
|
Wang et al.33
Intervention group Control group |
✓
25.1 (7.1) 40.0(12.4)* |
✗
130.0(55.2) 121.1(40.1) |
✗
3.6(1.1) 4.2(1.0) |
||
|
Whitehurst et al.34
Simulator Real robot |
GEARS |
✓
2.83(0.66) 2.96(0.77)† |
✓
NS† |
||
Values are mean(s.d.). GOALS, Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills; RO-SCORE, Robotic Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation; GEARS, Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills. ✓, Evidence of skill transfer; ✗, no evidence of skill transfer. *P < 0.050. †No significant difference (NS); indicates skill transfer in this study design). + No significant difference; skill transfer is indicated by equal or better performance in this study design.