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. 2021 Apr 17;22:26. doi: 10.1186/s12868-021-00633-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Experimental arrangement and the position of electrodes during tDCS. a Experimental arrangement. Before induction of repetitive mTBI (day 1), MEP and behavioral tests are performed on the rat model. After pre-mTBI tests, the first mTBI is induced in the rat models. On days 2 and 3, second and third mTBI is induced in the rats to establish the repetitive mTBI rat models. After the third mTBI, MEP, and motor coordination studies are done (day 3). On day 4, anodal tDCS at M1 area is applied to the tDCS group. On day 4, 1 h after tDCS, MEP is done. On day 5, behavioral tests and brain MRI are done. b The position of anodal and cathodal electrodes during anodal tDCS. Circle means anodal electrode and square means cathodal electrode. Cup-shaped anodal electrode was attached to the skin over the left M1 area, and rectangular rubber cathodal electrode was positioned on the trunk