Figure 3. Schematic representation of how SARS-CoV-2 enters the target cells, where corresponding scenarios (AS1–CS3) are based on the in vitro studies and predication.

LF interacts with its corresponding host cell receptors through their glycan and/or via protein-protein interactions (AS1), LF interact with the viral spike protein to hide it from the ACE2 receptor (BS2), and/or LF interacts with its corresponding receptors, and enter the target cells, which induce many intracellular cascades inhibiting viral replication (lactoferrin is shown by a green body).