Table 1.

Effect of Mg, Q + C + R, and Mg + Q + C + R in rVSMCs cultured in the HP medium.

Treatments	Average Ca content (µg/100 µl ± SD)
CL	0.29 ± 0.16
HP	8.49 ± 2.57a∗∗∗
Mg	5.30 ± 0.78b∗
Q + C + R	4.86 ± 0.28b∗∗
Mg + Q + C + R	0.60 ± 0.21b∗∗∗

In the control group (CL), VSMCs were cultured in a medium containing 0.9 mM phosphate and 0.8 mM magnesium. In the treatment groups, high phosphate (HP) concentration was increased from 0.9 mM to 5 mM (HP). In the Mg group, the Mg level was increased from 0.8 mM to 1.4 mM. The polyphenol concentrations used were 50 μM for Q, 5 μM for C, and 100 μM for R. The results are presented as mean ± SD of four replicates. ^ap values as compared with CL, ^bp values as compared with HP, and ^cp values as compared with Mg. ^∗p value < 0.05; ^∗∗p value < 0.01; ^∗∗∗p value < 0.001.