Table 2.
Training design characteristics
| Study | Group | Exercise prescription | Same or different session (DS, SS or MIX) | Sequential order (E + RT, RT + E or N/A) | Endurance frequency (days/week) | Endurance duration (min session) | Length (weeks) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Untrained | |||||||
| Craig et al. [21] | CT | E: 30–35 min run @ 75% of MHR. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 3 | 33 | 10 |
| RT | RT: 3 × 6–8 rep @ 75% of 1RM of LP, LC | 10 | |||||
| Glowacki et al. [12] | CT | E: 20–40 min run @ 65–80% of MHR. RT: Same as below | DS | N/A | 2–3 | 25 | 12 |
| RT | RT: 3 × 6–10 rep @ 75–85% of 1RM of LP, LC | 12 | |||||
| Hunter et al. [22] | CT | E: 20–40 min run @ 75% of MHR. RT: Same as below | MIX | E + RT | 4 | 34 | 12 |
| RT | RT: 3 × 7–10 rep @ to failure of BS, LC | 12 | |||||
| Kazior et al. [23] | CT | E: 30–60 min bike; 6–8 × 2 min bike @ 60% of VO2max; 95% of VO2max. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 3 | 52 | 7 |
| RT | RT: 4–6 × 8–15 rep @ 70% of 1RM or to failure of LP | 7 | |||||
| McCarthy et al. [14] | CT | E: 30–50 min bike @ 70% of MHR. RT: Same as below | SS | N/A | 3 | 44 | 10 |
| RT | RT: 4 × 5–7 rep @ to failure of BS, KE, LC | 10 | |||||
| Mikkola et al. [11] | CT | E: 30–60 min bike; 30–90 min Nordic walking @ below—above AT and above AnT. RT: Same as below | DS | N/A | 2 | 50 | 21 |
| RT | RT: 2–4 × 5–15 rep @ 50–80% of 1RM of LP, KE, KF, LAD, LAB | 21 | |||||
| Volpe et al. [13] | CT | E: 20–25 min run @ 75% of MHR. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 3 | 23 | 9 |
| RT | RT: 2–4 × 4–12 rep @ 60–75% of 1RM of LP, LC, LE | 9 | |||||
| Mean untrained | 2.9 | 37 | 12 | ||||
| Moderately trained | |||||||
| Bell et al. [41] | CT1 | E: 30–42 min bike; 4–7 × 3 min on—3 min off bike @ 90% of VO2max. RT: Same as below | DS | N/A | 3 | 41 | 12 |
| CT2 | E: Same as above. RT: Same as below | DS | N/A | 3 | 41 | 13 | |
| RT1 | RT: 2–6 × 4–12 rep @ 72–84% of 1RM of LP, KF, LE | 12 | |||||
| RT2 | RT: Same as above | 12 | |||||
| de Souza et al. [16] | CT | E: 15–20 × 60 s on—45 s off run @ 80–100% vVO2max. RT: Same as below | SS | N/A | 2 | 38 | 8 |
| RT | RT: 3–5 × 6–12 RM of LP, KE, KF | 8 | |||||
| Fyfe et al. [5] | CT1 | E: 15–33 min bike @ 80–100% of LT. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 3 | 23 | 8 |
| CT2 | E: 5–11 × 120 s on—60 s off bike @ 120–150% of LT. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 3 | 22 | 8 | |
| RT | RT: 3–5 × 4–14 rep @ 65–90% of 1RM of LP, KE, KF, LG | 8 | |||||
| Hickson [3] | CT | E: 30–40 min run; 6 × 5 min on—2 min off bike @ 100% of MS; 100% VO2max. RT: Same as below | DS | N/A | 6 | 43 | 10 |
| RT | RT: 3–5 × 5 @ 80% of 1RM of BS, KE, KF, LP | 10 | |||||
| Häkkinen et al. [10] | CT | E: 30–90 bike or walk @ below-above AT and above AnT. RT: Same as below | DS | N/A | 2 | 50 | 21 |
| RT | RT: 3–6 × 3–15 rep @ 50–80% of 1RM of LP, KE | 21 | |||||
| Laird et al. [38] | CT | E: 8 × 20 s on—10 s off run @ 110–120% of vVO2max. RT: Same as below | DS | RT + E | 3 | 4 | 11 |
| RT | RT: 3–5 × 3–10 rep @ 70–87.5% 1RM of BS, SJ, DL | 11 | |||||
| Lee et al. [15] | CT1 | E: 8–13 × 120 s on—60 s off bike @ ≈85–97% of Wpeak. RT: Same as below | DS | E + RT | 3 | 30 | 9 |
| CT2 | E: Same as above. RT: Same as below | DS | RT + E | 3 | 30 | 9 | |
| RT | RT: 3–4 * 6–12 RM of LP, KE, LG, LC | 9 | |||||
| Shamim et al. [39] | CT | E: 4–13 × 10–630 s on and 40–240 s off bike @ 25–110% of MAP. RT: Same as below | DS | N/A | 3 | 42ª | 12 |
| RT | RT: 3–5 × 2–16 rep @ 60–98% of 1RM or to failure of KE, LP | 12 | |||||
| Silva et al. [45] | CT1 | E: 25–30 min run @ 95% of VT2. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 2 | 26 | 11 |
| CT2 | E: 20–30 × 60 s on and 60 s off run @ vVO2max. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 2 | 26 | 11 | |
| CT3 | E: 25–30 min bike @ 95% of VT2. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 2 | 26 | 11 | |
| RT | RT: 2–3 × 8–18 rep @ to failure of LP, KE, KF | 11 | |||||
| Tsitkanou et al. [40] | CT | E: 10 × 60 s on and 60 s off bike @ 100% of MAP. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 2 | 20 | 8 |
| RT | RT: 4 × 6 rep @ 80–85% of 1RM of LP, HS | 8 | |||||
| Mean moderately trained | 2.8 | 31 | 11 | ||||
| Trained | |||||||
| Balabinis et al. [24] | CT | E: 1–8 rep of 30–90 s run @ 85–90% of MHR. RT: Same as below | DS | E + RT | 4 | 38ª | 7 |
| RT | RT: 1–5 × 3–40 rep @ 40–95% of 1RM of HS, LP | 7 | |||||
| Cantrell et al. [35] | CT | E: 4–6 × 20 s bike @ maximal effort. RT: Same as below | DS | N/A | 2 | 16 | 12 |
| RT | RT: 3 × 4–6 RM of BS, KE, KF | 12 | |||||
| Chtara [4]) | CT1 | E: 5 × 1/2 of Tmax at MAS run @ 100% of VO2max. RT: Same as below | SS | RT + E | 2 | 25ª | 12 |
| CT2 | E: Same as above. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 2 | 25ª | 12 | |
| RT | RT: 4–5 × 5–30 rep @ maximum ability of HS, LG, HE | 12 | |||||
| Dolezal & Potteiger [42] | CT | E: 25–40 min run @ 65–85% of MHR. RT: Same as below | NR | RT + E | 3 | 35 | 10 |
| RT | RT: 3 × 4–15 rep @ to failure BS, KE, LC, LP | 10 | |||||
| Hennessy & Watson [8] | CT | E: 20–60 min run; 15–35 min fartlek run @ 70–85% of MHR. RT: Same as below | MIX | N/A | 4 | 35 | 8 |
| RT | RT: 2–6 × 6-max rep @ 65–95% of 1RM of BS, HC | 8 | |||||
| Kraemer et al. [6] | CT | E: 40 min run; 200–800 m interval run, rest ratio 1:4 to 1:0.5 @ 80–85% of VO2max; 95–100% of VO2max. RT: Same as below | DS | E + RT | 4 | 40ª | 12 |
| RT | RT: 3–5 × 5–10 rep SS, KE, LP, DL | 12 | |||||
| Mirghani et al. [43] | CT | E: 16–30 min run @ 65–80% of MHR. RT: Same as below | SS | RT + E | 3 | 23 | 8 |
| RT | RT: 2–3 × 6–25 rep @ 55–85% of 1RM of S, LC | 8 | |||||
| Panissa et al. [36] | CT | E: 60 on—60 s off intervals to 5 km run @ 100% of MAV. RT: Same as below | SS | E + RT | 2 | 40 | 12 |
| RT | RT: 3 × 8–12 RM HS, KE, LC | 12 | |||||
| Robineau et al. [25] | CT1 | E: 3 × 12 rep of 15 s on—15 s off interval run @ 120% of MAV. RT: Same as below | SS | RT + E | 2 | 30ª | 7 |
| CT2 | E: Same as above. RT: Same as below | DS | RT + E | 2 | 30ª | 7 | |
| CT3 | E: Same as above. RT: Same as below | DS | N/A | 2 | 30ª | 7 | |
| RT | RT: 3–4 × 3–10 rep @ 70–90% of 1RM of HS, LP | 7 | |||||
| Robineau et al. [44] | CT1 | E: 2 × 16–24 rep of 30 s on—30 s off run @ 100% of MAV. RT: Same as below | DS | RT + E | 2 | 21ª | 8 |
| CT2 | E: 4–8 × 30 s on and 240 s off run @ All-out. RT: Same as below | DS | RT + E | 2 | 20ª | 8 | |
| RT | RT: 3 × 3–10 rep @ 70–90% of 1RM of HS, KE, DL | 8 | |||||
| Mean trained | 2.6 | 29 | 9 | ||||
RT resistance training, RT1 resistance training group 1, RT2 resistance training group 2, DD different days, MS maximal speed, MHR maximum heart rate, MAV maximal aerobic velocity, MAP maximal aerobic power, Wpeak peak aerobic power, VT ventilatory threshold, vVO2max velocity at maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max maximal oxygen uptake, VO2peak peak oxygen uptake, Tmax time to exhaustion, MAS maximal aerobic speed, LT lactate threshold, HS half squat, PS parallel squat, FS front squat, LP leg press, BS barbell squat, KE knee extension, KF knee flexion, HC hamstrings curl, HE hip extension, SS split squat, LC leg curl, LG lunge, LAD leg adduction, LAB leg abduction, SJ squat jump, DL dead lift, BE back extension, LR lateral raise, NR not reported, DS different sessions, SS same session, MIX mix of different session and same session
ªEstimated duration, N/A not applicable