Table 5.

Some examples of performance optimization-centric solutions

Publication	Contribution	Description
Dickerson et al. [26]	Parallel execution method	It is a novel way to permit miners to execute smart contracts in parallel, based on techniques adapted from software transactional memory. This method performed well on smart contract benchmarks, greatly speeding up contract execution efficiency.
Gao et al. [34]	Parallel execution scheme	It can run multiple smart contracts in parallel to improve the throughput of the system.
Chen et al. [18]	GasReducer tool	GasReducer is a tool to automatically detect multiple anti-patterns from the bytecode of smart contracts and replace them with efficient code through bytecode-to-bytecode optimization in order to save gas cost.