Table 3.

Observational studies including patients on direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) treated with intravenous thrombolysis

Study	Number of patients (DOAC type)	Number of sICH/rate	Number of patients (comparator)	Number of sICH/rate	Comment
Heterogenous or unknown selection criteria (n=5 studies, n=475 patients)
Xian et al 12	251 (all DOAC)	12 (4.8%)	1500 (VKA)	73 (4.9%)	No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available
Seiffge et al 11	78 (all DOAC)	2 (3.9%)	441 (VKA) and 8938 (no anticoagulation)	9.3% and 7.2%	Heterogenous selection criteria, all within 48 hours, partly plasma level-based
Suzuki et al 10	71 (all DOAC)	2%	n/a	n/a	National survey and case collection, (dosage of rt-PA: 0.6 mg/kg)
Shahjouei et al 14	6 (dabigatran)	0	n/a	n/a	Case collection
Meinel et al 33	69 (all DOAC)	3.1%	1544 (no anticoagulation) and 156 (VKA with INR <1.7)	3.6% (no) and 4.6% (VKA)	18 of 23 centres used DOAC plasma levels for patient selection
DOAC plasma-level based approach (n=3 studies, n=36 patients)
Marsch et al 46	9 (all DOAC)	1 (4.2%)	31 VKA	1 (3.3%)	All patients <48 hours of last intake
Seiffge et al 28	18 (rivaroxaban)	0	n/a	n/a
Purrucker et al 8	9 (all DOAC)	0	n/a	n/a
Idarucizumab (n=8 studies, n=236 patients)
Beharry et al	13 (dabigatran)	0	n/a	n/a	Tenecteplase
Barber et al	51 (dabigatran)	2 (3.9%)	1285 (all non-DOA)	49 (3.8%)
Kermer et al	80 (dabigatran)	0	n/a
Küpper et al	7 (dabigatran)	0	n/a
Pretnar Oblak et al	11 (dabigatran)	2sICH (18.2%)	n/a	no	9 with elevated thrombin time
Giannandrea et al	55 (dabigatran)	3 sICH (5.5%)	n/a	n/a
Sanak et al	13 (dabigatran)	1 sICH (7.6%) 2 aICH	n/a	n/a
Fang et al	6 (dabigatran)	0	n/a	n/a

INR, international normalised ratio; sICH, symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.